BIO 208 (Richard)--University of Kentucky--Exam 1 Questions and Answers 2024

Microbiology - deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification Acellular - lacking cells Microorganisms/Microbes - organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Pathogen - An organism that causes disease Are non-human cells included in microbes? - no What are the 7 types of microbes? - - Bacteria - Archaea - Algae - Protozoa - Fungi - Helminths - Viruses Prokaryotic - No nucleus Eukaryotic - Has a nucleus Decomposers - Break down organic matterBacteria characteristics - - Prokaryotic - unicellular - cell wall (peptidoglycan) - some are pathogens - some photosynthetic Archaea characteristics - - prokaryotic - unicellular - cell wall (pseudopeptidoglycan) - no pathogens Algae characteristics - - eukaryotic - uni or multicellular - cell wall (cellulose) - photosynthetic Protozoa characteristics - - eukaryotic - unicellular - no cell wall - some photosynthetic - some pathogenic Fungi characteristics - - eukaryotic - uni or multicellular - cell wall - decomposer Helminths characteristics - - eukaryotic- multicellular - no cell wall - macroscopic (can be seen) viruses characteristics - - acellular - parasitic - DNA or RNA Viruses are (bigger/smaller) than bacteria - smaller Bacteria is (bigger/smaller) than human cells - smaller 3 domains of life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya - Eukarya is the only domain with a nucleus _____ are microorganisms without membrane-bound nuclei - prokaryotes _____ are microorganisms with membrane-bound nuclei - eukaryotes How to name organisms - - Genus is capitalized - species is not capitilized - all italics (T/F) Most microbes cause disease or are harmful to humans - False Ways that microbes are the "good guys" - - photosynthesis - decomposition/nutrient recycling - biotechnology- food production - beer (T/F) there are as many microbes as human cells in a healthy human body - True, about 1:1 ratio Examples of diseases caused by pathogens - - lower respiratory infections - Diarrheal diseases - HIV/AIDS - Malaria - Tuberculosis