Class notes
Chemistry in everyday life
- Course
- Institution
Here you know about the chemistry in everyday life...
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
dhruv4
Content preview
1|PageChapter—> Chemistry in Everyday Life
Medicines or Drugs
Chemicals which may be used for the treatment of diseases and for reducing the suffering from
pain are called medicines or drugs.
The branch of science which makes use of chemicals for the treatment of disseases [therapeutic
effect] is called chemotherapy.
Some important classes of drugs are
Antacid
The chemical substances which neutralize the excess acid in gastric juice and raise the pH to an
appropriate level in stomach are raUed antacids.
The most commonly used antacids are weak bases such as sodium bicarbonate [sodium
hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and aluminium hydroxide
[Al(OH)3].
Generally liquid antacids are more effective than tablets because .. have more surface area
available for interaction and neutralisation acid.
Milk is a weak antacid.
Histamine stimulates the secretion of pepsin and hydrochloric acid. The drug cimetidine
[Tegamet] was designed to prevent the interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the
stomach Cimetidine binds to the receptors tbat triggers the release of acid the stomach. This
results in release of lesser amount of acid. Now ranitidine (zantac), omeprazole and
lansoprazole are used hyperacidity.
Tranquilizers (Psychotherapeutic Drugs)
Chemical substances used for the treatment of stress, anxiety, irritability and mild or even
severe mental diseases, are known as tranquilizers. These affect the central nervous system and
induce sleep for the patients as well as eliminate the symptoms of emotional distress. They are
the common constituents of sleeping pills.
Noradrenaline is one of the neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood change. If the level
of noradrenaline is low, the signal sending activity becomes low, and the person suffers from
depression. In such situations antidepressant drugs are required. These drugs inhibit the
enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline. If the enzyme is inhibited, this
important neurotransmitter is slowly metabolized and can activate its receptor for longer
www.ncerthelp.com (Visit for all ncert solutions in text and videos, CBSE syllabus, note and many more)
, 2|Page
periods of time, thus counteracting the effect of depression. Iproniazid and phenelzine are two
such drugs.
Barbituric acid and its derivatives viz. veronal, amytal, nembutal, luminal, seconal are
known as barbiturates. Barbiturates are hypnotic, i.e., sleep producing agents.
Equanil is used to control depression and hypertension.
Non-hypnotic chlorodiazepoxide and meprobamate are relatively mild tranquilizers suitable for
relieving tension.
Analgesics
Medicines used for getting relief from pain are called analgesics. These are of two types :
1. Narcotics
Drugs which produce sleep and unconsciousness are called narcotics. Mhese are habit forming
drugs. For example, morphine and codeine. Morphine diacetate is commonly known as heroin.
2. Non-narcotics
These are non-habit forming chemicals which reduce mild to moderate llatn such as headache,
toothache, muscle and joint pain, etc. These are also termed as non-addicti,ve. These drugs do
not produce sleep unconsciousness. Aspirin (2-acetoxybenzoic acid) is most commonly used
analgesic with antipyretic properties. Now these days because its anti-blood clotting action,
aspirin is widely used to
heart-attacks.
www.ncerthelp.com (Visit for all ncert solutions in text and videos, CBSE syllabus, note and many more)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller dhruv4. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73314 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now