NSC Advanced First Aid, CPR & AED Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest

NSC Advanced First Aid, CPR & AED Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest . Goals of First Aid - ANSWER 1. Keep victim alive 2. Prevent victim's condition from getting worse 3. Help promote early recovery 4. Ensure victim receives appropriate medical care Consent - ANSWER Need to have victim's consent before using first aid Types of consent - ANSWER Expressed and Implied Expressed consent - ANSWER Responsive victim communicates consent, can include head nods Implied consent - ANSWER Unresponsive or child's parent not present or reached Refusing consent - ANSWER Victim can refuse consent - if they go unresponsive consent is now implied Get second witness to refusal Scope of care - ANSWER Set of first aid techniques learned in first aid course Standard of Care - ANSWER Care expected from any trained EMT under similar circumstances Abandoment - ANSWER If you leave victim and injury or illness becomes worse Justified reasons: Exhaustion, imminent danger, or replacement comes (equal or higher skill level) Confidentiality - ANSWER Only give victim's information to the treating medical professionals Infectious Diseases Transmitted - ANSWER 1. Someone has infection 2. Infection leaves body 3. Infection reaches another person, enters body (through blood) 4. Second person develops infection NSC Advanced First Aid, CPR & AED Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Bloodborne Diseases - ANSWER 1. HIV 2. Hep B (Has vaccine) 3. Hep C Protection against bloodborne diseases - ANSWER use gloves Steps in an Emergency - ANSWER 1. Recognize the emergency 2. Check the scene 3. Check the victim 4. Call 9-1-1 5. Give first aid 6. Have victim seek medical attention 10 Body Systems - ANSWER 1. Respiratory 2. Cardiovascular 3. Nervous 4. Musculoskeletal 5. Integumentary 6. Gastrointestinal 7. Endocrine 8. Immune 9. Urinary 10. Reproductive Assessment - ANSWER 1. Initial assessment 2. Secondary assessment 3. Monitor for change Initial Assessment - ANSWER Check for life-threatening conditions Move only if - immediate danger or cannot give lifesaving care How to check for responsiveness - ANSWER Tap on shoulder and ask "Are you okay?", doesn't respond then call 9-1-1 and provide care AVPU Scale - ANSWER Alert Verbal - Response to verbal Painful - Responses to pain Unresponsive Initial Assessment Steps - ANSWER 1. Check for responsiveness and normal breathing 2. Unresponsive - Call 9-1-1, if unresponsive and not breathing provide BLS 3. Breathing - Check for severe bleeding and other threats 4. Care for life threatening conditions Recovery Position - ANSWER Keeps airway open, allows fluids to drain, prevents from inhaling stomach contents HAINES High Arm IN Endangered Spine Extend arms over victim's head, position arm closest to you over victim's chest, bend victim's leg closest to you at the knee, put forearm under victim's shoulder while supporting the neck and carefully roll, bend both legs and open mouth SAMPLE - ANSWER Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications Previous problems Last food or drink Events Physical Exam - ANSWER Head to toe DOTS Deformities Open injuries and wounds Tenderness Swelling Universal sign of choking - ANSWER Hands around the throat Choking care for Responsive Adult and Child - ANSWER 1. Consent 2. 9-1-1 3. Stand behind with one leg in between theirs 4. Locate navel, create fist with hand above navel 5. Grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward Choking care for Responsive Infant - ANSWER 1. 5 back blows 2. Check for expelled object 3. 5 chest thrusts 4. Continue cycle, if alone call 9-1-1 after 1 minute Effects of blood loss - ANSWER causes a decrease in oxygen supply to the body; blood pressure drops; heart pumps faster to compensate for the decreased volume and BP; body will attempt to clot the blood to halt bleeding; usually requiring 6-7 minutes; uncontrolled, bleeding can result in shock and death Class 1 blood loss - ANSWER Up to 15% Class 2 blood loss - ANSWER 15-30% Class 3 blood loss - ANSWER 30-40% At 30% body can no longer compensate Class 4 blood loss - ANSWER >40% Types of External Bleeding - ANSWER 1. Arterial 2. Venous 3. Capillary Controlling bleeding - ANSWER Apply direct pressure and raise above the head Symptoms of internal bleeding - ANSWER Abdomen - tender, swollen, bruised, hard Blood vomited or present in urine or stool Cool, clammy skin, pale, ashen, or bluish Thirst Confusion or lightheadness Shock - Severe blood loss - ANSWER Not enough oxygen-rich blood reaching organs, life-threatening, may develop quickly or gradually Common Types of Shock - ANSWER 1. Hypovolemic 2. Cardiogenic 3. Neurogenic 4. Anaphylactic First Aid for Shock - ANSWER 1. Check responsiveness 2. Call 9-1-1 3. Lie on back 4. Feet 6-12" above ground First Aid for Anaphylactic Shock - ANSWER 1. Call 9-1-1 2. Help administer epi-pen What shouldn't you use to clean a wound? - ANSWER Never use alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or iodine Types of Open Wounds - ANSWER Abrasions, Lacerations, Punctures, Avulsions, Amputations, Burns Scalp Wound W/O Fracture First Aid - ANSWER 1. Replace any skin flaps, cover with dressing 2. Use direct pressure to control bleeding 3. Roller or triangle bandage around head to secure dressing Blow to Eye - ANSWER 1. If eye is bleeding or leaking fluids - CALL 911 2. Cold pack with barrier (up to 15 min) 3. Lie still, cover uninjured eye 4. Seek medical attention Ear Injuries - ANSWER 1. Clear fluid or watery blood from the ear could mean skull fracture - call 911 2. Help vic sit up, tilting affect ear lower to let blood or other fluid drain 3. Cover ear with loose sterile dressing - No pressure 4. Medical attention Teeth and Mouth Injuries - ANSWER Bleeding, control with direct pressure. Knocked out teeth can be replanted. Priority of first aid is keeping airway open and controlling bleeding Knocked out teeth - ANSWER 1. Vic sit still, titled forward to allow blood to drain 2. Rinse with tap water or saline 3. Control bleeding by having vic bite down for 20-30 minutes on gauze 4. Save the tooth. Pick up by crown and place in milk 5. See dentist immediately Nosebleed First Aid - ANSWER 1. Tilt head forward, mouth open 2. Pinch nostrils together just below the bridge for 10 min 3. Gasping or choking on blood call 911 Function of skin (three things) - ANSWER Protection Regulates temperature Sensation What Happen With a Burn? - ANSWER May damage any layer of skin Can allow pathogens - risk of infection Fluid loss (2nd degree) Loss of body heat (severe burn) Damage to nerve endings Where are the majority of deaths by fires and burn at? - ANSWER The Home Heat Burns - ANSWER Caused by sun, flames, steam Assessing a Burn - ANSWER What type of burn is it? (1st, 2nd, 3rd) How extensive? What specific body area? Classifications of Burns - ANSWER 1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree 1st degree - ANSWER Superficial burns Damage only the outer skin layer 2nd degree - ANSWER Partial-thickness burn Damages deeper layers Blisters present Depending on size, may require medical attention 3rd degree - ANSWER Full thickness burn Damages all layers What do you use for assessing burn size and severity? - ANSWER Rule of nines When do you call 911 for burns? - ANSWER Any 3rd degree burn that is larger than 50-cent piece Any 2nd degree that covers more than 10%, (5% in kids) 2nd and 3rd on face, genital, hand, feet Circumferential burns Chronic health disorders First Aid: Heat Burns - ANSWER 1. Stop burning, cool area 2. Protect area 3. Provide supportive care 4. Ensure medical attention First Aid: 1st Degree Burns - ANSWER 1. Stop burning 2. Cool burned area with cool water 3. Remove constricting items 4. Protect First Aid: 2nd Degree Burns - ANSWER 1. Stop burning 2. Cool burned area with cool water 3. Large burns call 911 4. Remove constricting items 5. Nonstick dressing - keep loose First Aid: 3rd Degree Burns - ANSWER 1. Stop burning 2. Cool burned area with cool water 3. Remove constricting items 4. Call 911 5. Treat for shock 6. Cover burn with nonstick dressing - keep loose Thank you, EMAIL ME @ For help with Assignments/Essay/Projects/Test Banks/practice Exams and any other classwork. *Do not cool burn if larger than 20% of the body or 10% for a child Smoke Inhalation - ANSWER Potential airway or lung injuries Airway swells Symptoms may not be obvious until 48 hours after exposure First Aid: Smoke Inhalation - ANSWER 1. Get victim to fresh air 2. Call 911 3. Help victim into comfortable position for breathing, keep calm First Aid: Chemical Burns - ANSWER 1. Check MSDS 2. Move away from fumes or ventilate area 3. Gloved hand, brush off any dry chemical 4. Flush area with running water. Flush until EMS arrive. 5. Remove clothing and jewelry 6. Call 911 for any chemical burn Electrical Burns and Shocks - ANSWER External injuries may include entrance and exit wounds Internal injuries caused by electricity flowing through body includes irregular heart rhythms or cardiac arrest First Aid: Electrical Burns - ANSWER 1. Do not touch victim until area is safe. Unplug or turn off power. 2. Call 911