NCC EFM Certification
foramen ovale - ANS-shunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium
allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs. Closes after birth from 6
months to 1 year.
ductus arteriosus - ANS-connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta,
bypassing the lungs to the right ventricle.
ductus venosus - ANS-Shunts umbilical vein blood directly to Inferior Vena Cava. Allows
blood from placenta to bypass Liver. Also plays a big role in shunting oxygenated blood
to the Brain.
hypercapnia, hypercarbia - ANS-increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, can be
due to hypoventilation.
simple diffusion (passive transport) - ANS-No energy is used for exchange. From higher
to lower concentration gradient. Examples: oxygen, carbon dioxide, some drugs, etc.
facilitated diffusion - ANS-the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a
concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins. Needs a "pump" gradient.
Examples: Glucose, carbohydrates.
active transport - ANS-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference. Examples: Amino Acids, water-soluble
vitamins, some larger ions such as Calcium and Iron.
bulk flow - ANS-the movement of a fluid driven by pressure. Examples: water, dissolved
electrolytes
Pinocytosis - ANS-process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding
environment. Large molecules are enclosed in smaller vesicles consisting of cell
membrane. Cell membrane is pinched off on one side of placenta, traverse to the other
side and content is released. Examples: immune globulins, viruses, antibodies
hypertrophy - ANS-increase in muscle size
trophoblast - ANS-outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow
implantation. Serve as a filter permitting exchange of nutrients and waste products.
foramen ovale - ANS-shunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium
allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs. Closes after birth from 6
months to 1 year.
ductus arteriosus - ANS-connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta,
bypassing the lungs to the right ventricle.
ductus venosus - ANS-Shunts umbilical vein blood directly to Inferior Vena Cava. Allows
blood from placenta to bypass Liver. Also plays a big role in shunting oxygenated blood
to the Brain.
hypercapnia, hypercarbia - ANS-increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, can be
due to hypoventilation.
simple diffusion (passive transport) - ANS-No energy is used for exchange. From higher
to lower concentration gradient. Examples: oxygen, carbon dioxide, some drugs, etc.
facilitated diffusion - ANS-the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a
concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins. Needs a "pump" gradient.
Examples: Glucose, carbohydrates.
active transport - ANS-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference. Examples: Amino Acids, water-soluble
vitamins, some larger ions such as Calcium and Iron.
bulk flow - ANS-the movement of a fluid driven by pressure. Examples: water, dissolved
electrolytes
Pinocytosis - ANS-process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding
environment. Large molecules are enclosed in smaller vesicles consisting of cell
membrane. Cell membrane is pinched off on one side of placenta, traverse to the other
side and content is released. Examples: immune globulins, viruses, antibodies
hypertrophy - ANS-increase in muscle size
trophoblast - ANS-outer cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow
implantation. Serve as a filter permitting exchange of nutrients and waste products.
