MILADY CHAPTER 3- PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF SKIN

MILADY CHAPTER 3- PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF SKIN Physiology is the study of what? - ANS-Anatomy, layers, functions of skin. What is the largest organ of the body? - ANS-Skin What appendages of the skin are there? - ANS-Hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands. What removes and depletes lipids? - ANS-Exfoliation What does the skin protect against? - ANS-Bodily injury, invasion barrier elements, microorganisms. The barrier function of the skin includes? - ANS-acid mantle Average pH of acid mantle - ANS-5.5 What does TEWL stand for? - ANS-Transepidermal water loss What is intercellular cement made of? - ANS-Lipids, protective oils. What are T cells? - ANS-type of lymphocyte Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the? - ANS-fingertips Average body temperature - ANS-98.6 What glands excrete perspiration? - ANS-Sudoriferous glands What do sebaceous glands do? - ANS-produce sebum What does "not beyond the DEJ" stand for? - ANS-Esthetician cannot treat skin beyond epidermis. Keratinocytes make up what percent of epidermis? - ANS-95% Clear cells best describe what skin layer? - ANS-Stratum lucidum What is average skin turnover rate? - ANS-28 days. Define desquamation - ANS-Keratinocytes are continually shed. Squamous cells are defined as? - ANS-Squamous and cornified What layer of the epidermis is located just below the stratum corneum? - ANS-Stratum lucidum Where on the body is the skin the thickest? - ANS-palms of hands and soles of feet Where are keratin and intercellular lipids formed? - ANS-Stratum granulosm What layer of the skin contains melanocytes? - ANS-stratum germinativum Mitosis occurs in what layer of skin? - ANS-Epidermis What cells produce pigment granules? - ANS-Melanocytes What is the thickest layer of the skin? - ANS-dermis What are the two layers of the dermis? - ANS-reticular layer and papillary layer What is the the uncial term for a nail - ANS-Onyx How long does it take for a nail to fully grow? - ANS-4-6 months What causes stretch marks - ANS-Damaged elastin fibers What is the primary cause of wrinkles - ANS-Damage and loss of elastin What is another name of subcutis tissue - ANS-Adipose tissue What are the layers of the epidermis? - ANS-stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale What is folliculitis? - ANS-Infection of one or more pockets which hair grows. What stimulated the arrector pili muscles? - ANS-Goosebumps Difference in genetic skin color is due to what? - ANS-Melanin amount and how distributed. What is a tyrosinase inhibitor? - ANS-Product that suppress melanin production When are apocrine glands most active? - ANS-Anxiety, stress, fear, and pain. What do cells need in order to survive? - ANS-nourishment, ability to function, and protection What stimulates cell turnover - ANS-Vitamin A, alpha hydroxy acids, alpha lipoeic acid. What is the greatest age if effect on skin? - ANS-Sun damage. What ray is considered burning ray? - ANS-UVB radiation. What percentage of aging is caused by sun damage? - ANS-95 What hormone depletion causes skin to lose its tone? - ANS-Estrogen What is the main function of secretory nerve fibers? - ANS-Send message to central nervous system and brain to heat, cold, pain and pressure. What are nerves made up of? - ANS-neurons Nerve fibers send messages to what system? - ANS-Central nervous system. Why do some medical authorities not consider apocrine glands true sweat glands? - ANS-They connect to oil glands instead of pore openings. What system control is the secretion of sweat? - ANS-Sudoriferous What glands produce oil and