CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGY & HISTOLOGY TEST

CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGY & HISTOLOGY TEST Which glands excrete perspiration? - ANS-Sudoriferous What do cells need in order to survive? - ANS-nourishment, ability to function, and protection Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules? - ANS-melanocytes Desquamation is the______________. - ANS-Shedding of keratinocytes from the skin Physiology is most accurately described as the study of the _____________. - ANS-Functions of the body structures The barrier function of the skin includes____________. - ANS-acid mantle Squamous cells are ___________. - ANS-flat, scaly cells Appendages of the skin include _____________. - ANS-hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands The primary cause of wrinkles is the damage and loss of ___________. - ANS-elastin What is the technical term for a nail? - ANS-onyx The thickest layer of the skin is called the _____________. - ANS-dermis Which of the following stimulates cell turnover? - ANS-alpha hydroxy acids ________________ are made up of neurons that form a network of pathways for conducting information throughout the body. - ANS-nerves Subcutis, or _______ tissue is found below the reticular layer in the dermis. - ANS-adipose Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes? - ANS-stratum germinativum Apocrine glands are most active ______________. - ANS-During emotional changes Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the _____________. - ANS-fingertips What are cordlike bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which stimuli pass? - ANS-nerves What does TEWL stand for? - ANS-Transepidermal water loss Differences in genetic skin color are due to the ______________. - ANS-amount of melanin activated in the skin Some states define the esthetician's scope of practice as "not beyond the DEJ", which means the estheticians are to treat______________. - ANS-The epidermis only Where are the largest sebaceous glands found? - ANS-on the face Which layer of the epidermis is located just below the stratum corneum? - ANS-stratum lucidum The ____________ glands secrete oil and the _________ gland secrete sweat. - ANS-sebaceous; sudoriferous If you have folliculitis, you have ___________. - ANS-an inflammation of the follicle On which of these parts of the body is the skin the thickest? - ANS-palms Which description most accurately describes the stratum lucidum? - ANS-the clear cells What is the average adult skin cell turnover rate? - ANS-28 days The loss of excess fluid may lead to what in the body? - ANS-Dehydration Stretch marks are caused by _____________. - ANS-Damaged elastin fibers Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin? - ANS-stratum germinativum What does the skin protect against? - ANS-Outside elements and microorganisms What is the main function of the secretory nerve fibers? - ANS-Regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum output Free radicals take electrons from compounds in the body. Which of the following is not considered an antioxidant? - ANS-collagen Identify the greatest aging effect on skin___________. - ANS-UV rays The largest organ of the body is the ___________. - ANS-skin ___________ are known as burning rays because they cause burning of the skin, tanning, aging, and cancer. - ANS-UVB rays The two layers of the dermis are the ________________ . - ANS-papillary and reticular About 95% of the epidermis is made up of _______________. - ANS-keratinocytes Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the ____________. - ANS-stratum granulosum The sebaceous glands ______________. - ANS-excrete sebum Which fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles? - ANS-motor nerves Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as _______________. - ANS-tyrosinase inhibitors The average body's internal thermostat is set at __________ degrees Fahrenheit. - ANS-98.6 The intercellular cement between epidermal cells is made up of_____________. - ANS-dermal cells Nerve fibers send messages to the _____________ system and brain to react to heat and cold. - ANS-central nervous What removes and depletes lipids? - ANS-exfoliation What can an esthetician suggest to a client experiencing menopause to balance their estrogen level? - ANS-hormone replacement therapy Why are apocrine glands not considered true sweat glands by some medical authorities? - ANS-their openings connect to oily glands instead of pore openings Approximately __________ percent of aging is caused by sun exposure. - ANS-80 to 85 Glycation, an intrinsic part of the aging process, is caused by what? - ANS-rise in blood sugar Which system controls the excretion of sweat? - ANS-nervous system How longdoes it take for a fingernail to fully grow out? - ANS-4 to 6 months The immune cells that mature in the thymus gland and attack virus-infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells are the_____________. - ANS-T cells As estrogen depletes, skin begins to _____________. - ANS-lose its tone What is the average pH of the acid mantle? - ANS-5.5