AP Biology Exam Review Guide Chapter 1-15 Questions and Answers

AP Biology Exam Review Guide Chapter 1-15 Questions and Answers Most common elements of life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur Bonds The connections between the atoms in a compound Ionic Bonds Transfer of electrons Covalent Bonds Polar is sharing electrons unequally, non-polar is sharing electrons equally Hydrogen Bonds Weak bonds between hydrogen and negatively charged items Hydrophobic Interactions How non-polar compounds congregate together (lipids); Can't interact with water pH A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution pH - Acid Less than 7, donates hydrogen ions, increasing the amount of hydrogen ions pH - Basic More than 7, accepts hydrogen ions, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions pH - Blood 7.4 pH - Stomach 2 pH - Small Intestine 8 pH - Enzymes Specific to enzyme pH Logarithm