Research Methods Psychology AQA GCSE Exam Questions and Answers

Research Methods Psychology AQA GCSE Exam Questions and Answers Hypothesis - Answer-A precise testable statement predicting the outcome of an experiment including the relationship between the IV and the DV. Independent Variable - Answer-Variable you later which produces the experiment conditions. Dependant Variable - Answer-The variable you measure to see the effect of the IV. Lab Experiment - Answer-Experiment with controlled conditions, lots of equipment. Field Experiment - Answer-Experiment carried out in real life settings. Natural Experiment/Qiasi - Answer-Experiment where you don't manipulate the IV, it naturally occurs. Anomalous Result - Answer-Odd one out in data, result that does not match the rest of your results. Quantitative Data - Answer-Any number data that can be interpreted objectively eg. numbers, dates, birthdays. Qualitative Data - Answer-Words, opinions or subjective data that cannot be interpreted objectively. Mean - Answer-Average where you add all the numbers up together and divide by the number of numbers eg. 3+3+2+3+4 divided by 5 = 3 Mode - Answer-The most popular number eg. 1,2,2,3,4 mode is 2 Median - Answer-The middle number when the numbers are in order from smallest to largest. In a situation where there are two numbers, you add them together and divide them by 2 eg. 1,2,2,3 2+2=4 divided by 2=2 Range - Answer-The largest number minus the smallest number, or the difference between the largest and smallest numbers eg. 1,2,2,3,4 range is 3. Percentage (%) - Answer-Amount out of a target amount, amount divided by total amount x100 eg. 10/60x100=16.6% Stratified Sampling - Answer-Sampling method where you identify subgroups in the target population and work out what proportion of the target population your group represents. You then mirror your participant sample to match the correct percentage for each subgroup. Systematic Sampling - Answer-Sampling method where every nth member of the target population is selected eg. 7n would mean every 7th person is selected. Opportunity Sampling - Answer-Sampling method where researchers choose only available and willing participants. Random Sampling - Answer-Sampling method where every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected as a participant. The names are often drawn out by computer systems. Repeated Measures - Answer-Experimental design where one group of participants takes part in both experiment conditions. Independent Groups - Answer-Experimental design where two groups of participants take part in one condition each, so two different conditions. Matched Pairs - Answer-Experimental design where participants are tested on a certain characteristic and matched up into pairs such as Aa, Bb etc. One person takes part in one condition and the other person takes part in the second condition. advantages: 1: it is more sensitive to dependent variables than the independent measures design(although obviously not as sensitive as the repeated measures design) 2: it can be used to carry out experiments in situations where a repeated measure design cannot be used e.g for the rasons given above. disadvantages: 1: more subjects are required than for a repeated measures design. 2: it is not as sensitive as a repeated measures design Protect Confidentiality - Answer-Guideline where names, faces, addresses etc. must be kept private. Right to Debriefing - Answer-Guideline where the participant must be told about the study at the end of their participation in it. Avoiding Deception - Answer-Guideline forbidding researchers to lie to the participant without briefing or debriefing them. Avoiding Distress - Answer-Guideline where participants must not experience stress, be injured or take part in anything dangerous in the experiment. Gaining Consent - Answer-Guideline where the participant must give informed consent either before or after the experiment. Right to Withdraw - Answer-Guideline where participants