GCSU US Constitution Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2024

Articles of Confederation - ºadopted by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777; ºEstablished unicameral system º all powers not specifically delegated to Congress belonged to the states. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation - 1) Congress did not have the direct power to tax or to regulate interstate and foreign trade; 2)Congress had no authority to raise an army on its own and had to requisition troops from the states. All major policy issues — war and peace, treaties, the appropriation of funds — required the approval of nine states. Annapolis Convention (September 1786) - 1786; twelve delegates from five states-New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia-gathered to discuss reversing trade barriers between states. Shay's Rebellion - a revolt of debtor farmers in western Massachusetts; winter Constitutional Convention - Fifty-five delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island did not participate) met in Philadelphia in May 1787 to develop new structure for government. Virginia Plan - proposed by James Madison; supported by larger states. The Plan included: 1) a bicameral system to make laws. 2) lower house was elected by voters but the upper house was chosen by the lower house. (Representation in both houses was based on population.) 3) The executive elected by the legislature for one term to execute laws made by the system. 4) legislature appointed judges to one or more supreme courts and lower national courts. 6) A Council of Revision made up of the executive and judges could veto laws passed by the legislature or the states; a vote by both houses was needed to override a veto by the Council. New Jersey Plan - 1) kept the one house legislature 2) expanded legislature powers to include raising revenue and regulating commerce. 3) Each state had one vote, and the members were chosen by the state legislatures. 4) multiperson executive elected by the legislature was proposed 5) executives appointed judges to the Supreme Court. 6) Laws passed by the legislature were binding on the states, and the multiperson executive was authorized to compel obedience to the law.; supported by smaller states The Great Compromise - The House of Representatives was based off of population, but each state (no matter the size) has two Senators. proportional representation - representation based on population equal representation - one state, one vote. Three-fifths compromise - population was determined by adding the "whole number of free persons" and "three-fifths of all other persons/slaves Electoral College - The legislatures of each state chose electors equal to their total number of representatives in Congress. The electors then voted for two people, one of whom could not be from their state. The individual who received the most votes became president and the person with the next highest total became vice president. In the event of a tie, the House of Representatives decided the election and each state had one vote. The Constitution established a _______________ form of government, explained the _________________ of that government, and outlined the ______________ system. - republican; organization; federal republic - power is in the hands of the people and is exercised by their elected representatives separation of powers - The government's functions are divided among three branches; executive, judicial, legislative checks and balances - the powers of one branch of government are limited by the powers given to another branch Who can veto legislation? - The President Congress can override a president's veto with a _______ vote of both houses. - 2/3 Who can reject the president's appointment to the Supreme court? - The Senate through its power to give "advice and consent" Article I - longest article; describes the organization of congress & lists its enumerated or delegated powers. Contains the necessary and proper clause. Lists the powers denied to congress and the states.