Chapters 9&10 Heat and Thermodynamics Exam Questions with Complete Solutions

how can one change the temperature of a substance? - ANSWER-adding/removing energy how is the temperature of a substance related to the motion of its particles - ANSWER-proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. what is the internal energy of a substance - ANSWER-the energies associated with atomic motion due to both the random motion and potential energy resulting from the alignment of those particles what is thermal equilibrium - ANSWER-the state in which two bodies in physical contact have identical temperatures what typically happens to the volume of a substance as its temperature increases? Why is water an exception to this rule? - ANSWER-thermal expansion: hotter=more volume water forms crystaline structures- when cooling liquid water 0-4 degrees, it expands what instrument is used to measure temperature - ANSWER-thermometer convert celsius to kelvin and celsius to farenheit - ANSWER-K= C + 273 Of= (9/5)C + 32 what is heat? - ANSWER-heat (Q) is the energy transferred between objects because of a difference in temperature what is the direction of heat flow between objects at different temperatures - ANSWER-heat always flows from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object which type of energy transfer is illustrated by the increase of temperature of a metal pan handle when the pan is placed on a high temperature burner? How can this be explained in terms of the motion of atoms in the metal? - ANSWER-thermal conduction atoms nearest to heat vibrate and translate thermal energy until all the atoms are vibrating what is the difference between thermal conductors and thermal insulators? - ANSWER-insulators do not allow s transfer of energy (cork) conductors transfer heat (metals)