EMT-Final Exam Questions
If a patient has an arterial bleed between the meninges and the cranial bones. Where is
the bleed? - ANS✔✔Meninges are the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid,
and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal
cord.
Cranial bones are 8 bones that make up the skull.
The bleeding is between the skull and the membranes around the skull. This is referred
to as Epidural hematoma.
Chest pain may be absent in certain patients. - ANS✔✔Diabetics because they may
have damaged nerve endings. Also sometimes elderly women.
What should the systolic BP be prior to administering Nitroglycerin? - ANS✔✔For New
York State it is no less than 120 systolic, for national it is 100 systolic.
How many vertebrae are there? - ANS✔✔33 vertebrae
- Cervical Spine: 7 vertebrae C1 to C7
- Thoracic Spine: 12 vertebrae T1 to T12
- Lumbar Spine: 5 vertebrae L1 to L5
- Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae, Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae.
What type of breathing is seen with a flail chest? - ANS✔✔Flail chest is a life
threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks and
detached from the rest of the chest wall.
Paradoxical breathing occurs often with flail chest. During inspiration the chest
contracts, and during expiration it expands. This is opposite of normal breathing hence
paradoxical.
Which pairs of ribs are most commonly fractured? - ANS✔✔Lower ribs, rib pairs 4-10
What happens when brain tissue is damaged? - ANS✔✔Trauma to the brain tissue can
cause a wide range of symptoms. These
include loss of consciousness, seizures, swelling, mismatched pupils, CSF
leakage, loss of bodily functions, increased intracranial pressure.
Know all the arterial (pulse) areas. Where are they located? - ANS✔✔Femoral - Groin
Popliteal - back of the knee
Posterior Tibial - Ankle
Dorsalis Pedis - Foot
, Radial - Wrist
Brachial - Forearm / Bicep
Carotid - Neck
Temporal - Temples
Know all the burns and how they are identifiable. - ANS✔✔Superficial (first-degree)
burn
- Epidermal damage only.
- Painful, red, no blisters.
Partial thickness (second-degree) burn
- Epidermal and partial dermal injury
- Painful, blisters present
Full thickness (third-degree) burn
- Injury completely through dermal layer
- Dry, leather skin, no pain
Know the skin color, temperature, condition of hypoglycemia / hyperglycemia. Which
one is insulin shock / diabetic coma? - ANS✔✔Hypoglycemia - Low Blood Sugar
- Blood glucose level below 60 mg/dL with signs and symptoms or below 50 mg/dL
regardless of signs and symptoms.
- Signs and Symptoms
-- Tachycardia
-- Diaphoresis
-- Pale, cool skin, tremors
-- Alter level of consciousness (LOC)
-- Seizures
-- Coma
-- Brain death
Insulin Shock - severe hypoglycemia
- can be caused by taking a dose of insulin but not eating
Hyperglycemia - High Blood Sugar
- Blood glucose level above 350 mg/dL
- Signs and Symptoms
-- warm and dry
-- excessive thirst, hunger, urination
-- deep rapid breaths
-- tachycardia
hot and dry sugar is high, cool, and clamy give them candy
Which blood cells are responsible for O2 transport? To fight infection. To clot? -
ANS✔✔Red blood cells (erythrocyte)
If a patient has an arterial bleed between the meninges and the cranial bones. Where is
the bleed? - ANS✔✔Meninges are the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid,
and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal
cord.
Cranial bones are 8 bones that make up the skull.
The bleeding is between the skull and the membranes around the skull. This is referred
to as Epidural hematoma.
Chest pain may be absent in certain patients. - ANS✔✔Diabetics because they may
have damaged nerve endings. Also sometimes elderly women.
What should the systolic BP be prior to administering Nitroglycerin? - ANS✔✔For New
York State it is no less than 120 systolic, for national it is 100 systolic.
How many vertebrae are there? - ANS✔✔33 vertebrae
- Cervical Spine: 7 vertebrae C1 to C7
- Thoracic Spine: 12 vertebrae T1 to T12
- Lumbar Spine: 5 vertebrae L1 to L5
- Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae, Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae.
What type of breathing is seen with a flail chest? - ANS✔✔Flail chest is a life
threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks and
detached from the rest of the chest wall.
Paradoxical breathing occurs often with flail chest. During inspiration the chest
contracts, and during expiration it expands. This is opposite of normal breathing hence
paradoxical.
Which pairs of ribs are most commonly fractured? - ANS✔✔Lower ribs, rib pairs 4-10
What happens when brain tissue is damaged? - ANS✔✔Trauma to the brain tissue can
cause a wide range of symptoms. These
include loss of consciousness, seizures, swelling, mismatched pupils, CSF
leakage, loss of bodily functions, increased intracranial pressure.
Know all the arterial (pulse) areas. Where are they located? - ANS✔✔Femoral - Groin
Popliteal - back of the knee
Posterior Tibial - Ankle
Dorsalis Pedis - Foot
, Radial - Wrist
Brachial - Forearm / Bicep
Carotid - Neck
Temporal - Temples
Know all the burns and how they are identifiable. - ANS✔✔Superficial (first-degree)
burn
- Epidermal damage only.
- Painful, red, no blisters.
Partial thickness (second-degree) burn
- Epidermal and partial dermal injury
- Painful, blisters present
Full thickness (third-degree) burn
- Injury completely through dermal layer
- Dry, leather skin, no pain
Know the skin color, temperature, condition of hypoglycemia / hyperglycemia. Which
one is insulin shock / diabetic coma? - ANS✔✔Hypoglycemia - Low Blood Sugar
- Blood glucose level below 60 mg/dL with signs and symptoms or below 50 mg/dL
regardless of signs and symptoms.
- Signs and Symptoms
-- Tachycardia
-- Diaphoresis
-- Pale, cool skin, tremors
-- Alter level of consciousness (LOC)
-- Seizures
-- Coma
-- Brain death
Insulin Shock - severe hypoglycemia
- can be caused by taking a dose of insulin but not eating
Hyperglycemia - High Blood Sugar
- Blood glucose level above 350 mg/dL
- Signs and Symptoms
-- warm and dry
-- excessive thirst, hunger, urination
-- deep rapid breaths
-- tachycardia
hot and dry sugar is high, cool, and clamy give them candy
Which blood cells are responsible for O2 transport? To fight infection. To clot? -
ANS✔✔Red blood cells (erythrocyte)
