C.A.L.T Exam Study Guide.docx

Alexia - correct answer The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury. Apasia - correct answer Impairs the ability to speak and understand others. Articulation - correct answer The act or manner of producing sounds. Echolalia - correct answer Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone. Hyperlexia - correct answer The superior ability to reads words without comprehension. Lexicon - correct answer An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or written. EX: dictionary, encyclopedia Otitis Media - correct answer Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to temporary conductive hearing loss or permanent hearing loss. Receptive Language Disorder - correct answer The inability to understand or comprehend language heard or read. Expressive Language Disorder - correct answer The inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that make sense and is grammatically correct. Phonology - correct answer Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex: Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a) (t). Syntax - correct answer The grammar system of language. The way words are strung together. Ex: words and punctuation to form sentences, clauses or phrases. Semantics - correct answer Word meaning in language. Ex: final destination = last stop Discourse - correct answer Written or spoken communication or debate. Ex: Formal writing, a speech. Morphology - correct answer The smallest unit of language that convey meaning. Ex: Root words Pragmatics - correct answer Incapable of understanding the speakers intent (requests and tones) Ex: Can't you turn down the T.V.? = means no; not yes. Alphabetic Language - correct answer A language in which letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds. Alphabetic Principle - correct answer The use of letters and letter clusters to represent phonemes in an orthography. (spelling) Anglo Saxon - correct answer The language of the Germanic peoples (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) who settles in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066. Analytic Instruction - correct answer Instruction that separates the whole into its parts to reveal its relationships. (Whole to Part) (Top Down) (Concept driven) Analytic Phonics - correct answer Students hear the whole word and segment into phonemes or sounds in order to spell. (whole to part) Ex: Pit = (p) (i) (t) Antonyms - correct answer Words that are opposite in meaning. (semantics) Arbitrary Learning - correct answer New learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge or practical relationships. Auditory - correct answer relating to or experienced through hearing. Visual Acuity - correct answer Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard. EX: 20/20 vision Bottom-up Process - correct answer Theoretical view of reading as a process that consists of accurate sequential reading of every word. Comprehension is viewed as text driven rather than concept driven. (Part to whole) (Start from the bottom) Concept Driven Process - correct answer Theoretical view of reading as a process that consists of using one's experiences and expectations to react to text. Also called top-down process. (Whole to part) Cooperative Learning - correct answer Instructional approach in which students work together rather than compete to solve a problem or complete a task.Ex: group work or PBL Corrective Feedback - correct answer Teacher responses during and following practice of a skill that is sensitive to a student's level and that guides him or her closer to mastery. Cumulative - correct answer Having a new learning that is based upon previously learned elements. Ex: Building knowledge as we go. Diagnostic Teaching - correct answer Teaching that uses observation and formal and informal assessments to measure student progress against expected performance standards. Systematic, guided diagnoses of academic barriers. (Prescriptive teaching) Direct Instruction - correct answer Instruction that is delivered without vagueness or ambiguity, leaving no question as to the meaning. (Explicit Instruction) Domains of Language - correct answer Language systems. Phonology, syntax, morphology and orthography are language systems that deal with the form of language. Semantics deals with content of lang. and pragmatics deals with the use of lang. Embedded Phonics - correct answer Phonological awareness and phonics taught implicitly through the reading of real words in text. (whole language) Etymology - correct answer The history of word origins and development. Euphony - correct answer Pleasing to the ear. Having a pleasing sound. Ex: illogical; not inlogical. (Chameleon Prefix) Explicit Instruction - correct answer Instruction delivered without vagueness or ambiguity, leaving no questions as to the meaning. (Direct Instruction) Fernald Method - correct answer Technique for learning words that involves the visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile (VAKT) modalities. EX: The student looks at the word while saying and tracing it. Figurative Language - correct answer Language that avoids the use of the exact meaning of words and uses exaggeration, metaphors and embellishments. Greek - correct answer The language of the ancient Greeks whose morphemes form scientific terms. Guided Discovery - correct answer Manner of presenting new material or concepts so that they can be deduced or guided by the students. EX: self discovery, What do you notice? in pass, sass, tass Homographs - correct answer Words that have different meanings but share the same spelling. Pronunciations may be same or different. (duck, duck) (bow, bow)