A&P 1 final Exam GRADE A+ SOLUTIONS

Macroscopic Gross Anatomy Gross Anatomy is the study of structure large enough to be seen with the naked eye. EX. heart, lungs and kidneys. Regional Anatomy the study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles and nerves and arteries etc.) in that region Microscopic Anatomy Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye. Cytology The study of individual cells, the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells Embryology a subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth Histology The study of tissues,the branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure of animal or plant tissues Cervical relating to or associated with the neck Intergumentary system Major organs: skin, hair, sweat glands, nails, Functions: protects against environmental hazards; helps regulate body temperature; provide sensory information Skeleton system an internal or external framework of bone, cartilage, or other rigid material supporting or containing the body of an animal or plant Muscular system The bodily system that is composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue and functions in movement of the body or of materials through the body, maintenance of posture, and heat production. Nervous system the body's speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems Lymphatic system system made of lymph nodes, blood vessels Respiratory system made of air way and lungs, The organ system responsible for the intake of oxygen and diffusion of that gas into the blood and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the body. Urinary system consisting of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, removes wastes from the blood and helps to maintain water and electrolyte balance Metabolism includes all chemical reactions that occur in the body, two functions (catabolism and anabolism) Catabolism provide energy by breaking down complex molecules into simple molecules. (e.g) Protein-> amino acid Anabolism uses the energy from catabolism to build up the bodys structural and functions component. aslo called biosynthesis Anterior Toward the front Ventral same as Anterior (toward the front) Posterior Toward the Back Dorsal same as Posterior (toward the back) Anatomical Postion body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward medial Toward the midline Lateral Away from the midline Supine To recline one's back: lie on back Prone To recline one's front: lie on stomach Homeostasis metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes Ribosomes that are sites of protein synthesis. packing of lipids and protein Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes or acid hydrolases and help to break down substances DNA The sugar is deoxyribose, The bases are Adenine,Thymine,Cytosine,and Guanine. The molecule is a double helix, it is found in the nucleus of a cell never leaves the nucleus RNA The sugar is ribose, The bases are Adenine,Uracil, Cytosine,and Guanine. The molecule is single stranded Nucleus What part of the cell does DNA stay at? DNA Replication Is know as DNA making a copy of itself, Brachial region of the upper arm Antibrachial lower arm, forearm Pedal Pertaining to the foot Thoratic cavity also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs. Abdominal Cavity space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; Pubic Cavity cavity that contains urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum Cranial Cavity houses the brain Isotype atoms with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons Mitosis cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes Mother cells A cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells. Same Is the cell division in mitosis and mother cells same or different? Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Double stranded helical molecule in the cell four basis adenine(A), guanine(G), cytosine(C), and Thymine(T) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) CONTINUED......