GMS 6440 Final All Answers Correct

GMS 6440 Final All Answers Correct Skeletal System ️Organs: bones, cartilage, bone marrow Function: provide support and protection, store calcium and minerals, form blood cells Muscular System ️Organs: muscles, tendons Function: provide movement, support and protect, generate heat and maintain body temperate Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle ️Skeletal - contractile proteins form alternating patterns of light and dark (striations). Voluntary movement. Cardiac - involuntary. Rich in capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the muscle Smooth - involuntary. Grouped in irregular bundles, found lining internal organs. Digestive System ️Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Function: process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, breakdown nutrients, store energy, generate heat How much intestinal juice is secrete and how much water is secreted into the feces? ️We produce anywhere between 6.5-8L of liquid a day but only lose 100 ml/day. Cardiovascular System ️Organs: heart, blood, vessels Function: distribute nutrients and stuff, distribute heat and control body temp Pathway of Circulatory System ️Deoxygenated Blood - Right Atrium - tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle - pulmonary artery - Lungs - Oxygenated Blood - pulmonary vein - Left Atrium - mitral valve - Left Ventricle - Aorta - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein - vena cava Respiratory System ️Organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli Function: deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, sound How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? ️Right has 3 and the left has 2 Renal and Urinary System ️Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder Function: excrete waste from blood, control water balance, storing urine, regulate blood [ ] and pH How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? ️We filter 170 L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine. Endocrine System ️Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, etc Function: direct long-term changes in systems, metabolic activity, development Major hormones and their functions ️GH: pituitary. stimulates growth. TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite. Nervous System ️Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves Function: provide and interpret sensory info, coordinate activities of other systems Female Reproductive System ️Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary glands function: produce female sex cells, support embryo, provide milk Menstrual cycle ️ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge triggers release of single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If unfertilized, it is discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation). Distribution of Major Electrolytes ️Na+: 10:1 outside K+: 25:1 inside Cl-: 5:1 outside HCO3-: 2:1 outside Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside. Organic anions: 15:1 inside channels vs transporters ️channels move water or ions and electrode transporters are solute carriers or pumps Permeability for passive diffusion ️-Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not cross the m