Cardiac NCLEX style questions with answers 2024/2025

Cardiac NCLEX style questions Which instruction given to a patient who is about to undergo Holter monitoring is most appropriate? A. "You may remove the monitor only to shower or bathe." B."You should connect the monitor whenever you feel symptoms." C."You should refrain from exercising while wearing this monitor." D."You will need to keep a diary of all your activities and symptoms. - correct answer Correct Answer D Rational: A Holter monitor is worn continuously for at least 24 hours while a patient continues with usual activity and keeps a diary of activities and symptoms. The patient should not take a bath or shower while wearing this monitor A nurse is caring for a patient immediately following a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). Which assessments are appropriate for this patient (select all that apply)? A.Assess for return of gag reflex. B. Assess groin for hematoma or bleeding. C. Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation. D. Position patient supine with head of bed flat. E. Assess lower extremities for circulatory compromise - correct answer Correct Answer: A & C Rational: The patient undergoing a TEE has been given conscious sedation and has had the throat numbed with a local anesthetic spray, thus eliminating the gag reflex until the effects wear off. Therefore it is imperative that the nurse assess for gag reflex return before allowing the patient to eat or drink. Vital signs and oxygen saturation are also important assessment parameters resulting from the use of sedation. A TEE does not involve invasive procedures of the circulatory blood vessels. Therefore it is not necessary to monitor the patient's groin and lower extremities in relation to this procedure or to maintain a flat position. The nurse is admitting a patient who is scheduled to undergo a cardiac catheterization. What allergy is most important for the nurse to assess before this procedure? A Iron B Iodine C Aspirin D Penicillin - correct answer Correct Answer: B Rational: The physician will usually use an iodine-based contrast to perform this procedure. Therefore it is imperative to know whether or not the patient is allergic to iodine or shellfish. Knowledge of allergies to iron, aspirin, or penicillin will be secondary. The blood pressure of a 71-year-old patient admitted with pneumonia is 160/70 mm Hg. What is an age-related change that contributes to this finding? A Stenosis of the heart valves B Decreased adrenergic sensitivity C Increased parasympathetic activity D Loss of elasticity in arterial vessels - correct answer Correct Answer: D Rational: An age-related change that increases the risk of systolic hypertension is a loss of elasticity in the arterial walls. Because of the increasing resistance to flow, pressure is increased within the blood vessel, and hypertension results. Valvular rigidity of aging causes murmurs, and decreased adrenergic sensitivity slows the heart rate. Blood pressure is not raised. Increased parasympathetic activity would slow the heart rate. The nurse is providing care for a patient who has decreased cardiac output related to heart failure. What should the nurse recognize about cardiac output? A Calculated by multiplying the patient's stroke volume by the heart rate B The average amount of blood ejected during one complete cardiac cycle C Determined by measuring the electrical activity of the heart and the patient's heart rate D The patient's average resting heart rate multiplied by the patient's mean arterial blood pressure - correct answer Correct Answer: A Rational: Cardiac output is determined by multiplying the patient's stroke volume by heart rate, thus identifying how much blood is pumped by the heart over a 1-minute period. Electrical activity of the heart and blood pressure are not direct components of cardiac output Which effects of aging on the cardiovascular system should the nurse anticipate when providing care for older adults (select all that apply)? A Systolic murmur