Edexcel iGCSE Geo
4: Economic Activity and Ene
,4.1 The relative importance of 4.2 The growth and decline of 4.3 Countries increasingly
different economic sectors and the different experience an energy gap
location of economic activity varies economic sectors has resulted therefore seek energy sec
spatially, and changes over time in a range of impacts and developing a balanced en
possible resource issues and sustainable energy us
a) Classification of employment by
economic sector (primary, a) Positive and negative a) Energy demand and pro
secondary, tertiary and quaternary) impacts of economic sector varies globally and is af
and the reasons for the differences shifts in a named developed range of factors: popula
in the employment structures in and a named developing or increased wealth and te
countries at different levels of emerging country. advances.
development (Clark Fisher Model). b) Informal employment: b) Non-renewable, e.g. co
b) Factors affecting the location of causes (economic natural gas, uranium an
economic activity in each economic development, rural- urban gas/oil, and renewable s
sector and how these factors can migration) and energy, e.g. solar, wind,
change over time. characteristics (advantages hydroelectric power (HE
c) Reasons for the changes in the and disadvantages) in a geothermal, biomass, h
numbers of people employed in named megacity. advantages and disadva
each economic sector, including c) Different theories (Malthus people and the environm
the availability of raw materials, and Boserup) are used to c) Energy can be managed
globalisation, mechanisation, explain the relationship sustainable way throug
demographic changes and between population and efficiency and conserva
government policies. resources. industry, transport and
,4.1 The relative importance of
different economic sectors
and the location of economic
activity varies spatially, and
changes over time
,Economic Sectors
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY QUARTE
Economic activity from: Economic activity from: Economic activity from: Economic ac
Providing goods Providin
The extraction of The processing of and services service
raw material to be raw materials to highly-s
supplied to other assemble and e.g. workf
industries manufacture a • Commercial (retail
and construction
finished product workers) e.g.
• Professional • Researc
This sector works (accountant and • Design
lawyers)
with natural • Social (teachers and
Engineer
resources e.g. food doctors) • Tech ser
processing, • Entertainment (chefs
e.g. farming, manufacturing, and and cinema workers)
• Personal (hairdressers
forestry, farming building and PTs)
, Clark Fisher Model a graph through which changes in employme
can be presente
PRIMARY
• In the 1800s, primary sector employment accounted
for 70% of the UK’s employment.
• In the 1900s, this shifted from 70% to 40%; more
people were required to build mechanical equipment
(which falls under the secondary sector.)
• This dropped to 10% in the 2000s.
• The overall movement of this sector, per the Clark-
Fisher Model shows the decrease in importance of the
primary sector.
SECONDARY
• By the end of the 1800s, the
sector saw an increase from
20% to 40%.
• This sector saw an increase
to 45% in 1950, which TERTIARY QUARTERNARY
dipped to 30% by the 2000s.
• This fluctuation showed a • In the 1800s, this sector saw an increase from 10% to • There was no employment in this sector du
rise during the industrial 20%. industrial era and industrial revolution.
revolution, which soon saw a • This was met by a rapid 25% increase in the 1900s. • This sector started its emergence in the 20
continued decline in the
post-industrial era showing • In the 2000s, there was a gradual 10% increase. • This sector shows that the importance of t
the demand for this sector • This sector saw a majority increase due to the other quarternary sector commenced during the
was continually shifting. sectors seeing a shift in employment to gain industrial era.
importance.
4: Economic Activity and Ene
,4.1 The relative importance of 4.2 The growth and decline of 4.3 Countries increasingly
different economic sectors and the different experience an energy gap
location of economic activity varies economic sectors has resulted therefore seek energy sec
spatially, and changes over time in a range of impacts and developing a balanced en
possible resource issues and sustainable energy us
a) Classification of employment by
economic sector (primary, a) Positive and negative a) Energy demand and pro
secondary, tertiary and quaternary) impacts of economic sector varies globally and is af
and the reasons for the differences shifts in a named developed range of factors: popula
in the employment structures in and a named developing or increased wealth and te
countries at different levels of emerging country. advances.
development (Clark Fisher Model). b) Informal employment: b) Non-renewable, e.g. co
b) Factors affecting the location of causes (economic natural gas, uranium an
economic activity in each economic development, rural- urban gas/oil, and renewable s
sector and how these factors can migration) and energy, e.g. solar, wind,
change over time. characteristics (advantages hydroelectric power (HE
c) Reasons for the changes in the and disadvantages) in a geothermal, biomass, h
numbers of people employed in named megacity. advantages and disadva
each economic sector, including c) Different theories (Malthus people and the environm
the availability of raw materials, and Boserup) are used to c) Energy can be managed
globalisation, mechanisation, explain the relationship sustainable way throug
demographic changes and between population and efficiency and conserva
government policies. resources. industry, transport and
,4.1 The relative importance of
different economic sectors
and the location of economic
activity varies spatially, and
changes over time
,Economic Sectors
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY QUARTE
Economic activity from: Economic activity from: Economic activity from: Economic ac
Providing goods Providin
The extraction of The processing of and services service
raw material to be raw materials to highly-s
supplied to other assemble and e.g. workf
industries manufacture a • Commercial (retail
and construction
finished product workers) e.g.
• Professional • Researc
This sector works (accountant and • Design
lawyers)
with natural • Social (teachers and
Engineer
resources e.g. food doctors) • Tech ser
processing, • Entertainment (chefs
e.g. farming, manufacturing, and and cinema workers)
• Personal (hairdressers
forestry, farming building and PTs)
, Clark Fisher Model a graph through which changes in employme
can be presente
PRIMARY
• In the 1800s, primary sector employment accounted
for 70% of the UK’s employment.
• In the 1900s, this shifted from 70% to 40%; more
people were required to build mechanical equipment
(which falls under the secondary sector.)
• This dropped to 10% in the 2000s.
• The overall movement of this sector, per the Clark-
Fisher Model shows the decrease in importance of the
primary sector.
SECONDARY
• By the end of the 1800s, the
sector saw an increase from
20% to 40%.
• This sector saw an increase
to 45% in 1950, which TERTIARY QUARTERNARY
dipped to 30% by the 2000s.
• This fluctuation showed a • In the 1800s, this sector saw an increase from 10% to • There was no employment in this sector du
rise during the industrial 20%. industrial era and industrial revolution.
revolution, which soon saw a • This was met by a rapid 25% increase in the 1900s. • This sector started its emergence in the 20
continued decline in the
post-industrial era showing • In the 2000s, there was a gradual 10% increase. • This sector shows that the importance of t
the demand for this sector • This sector saw a majority increase due to the other quarternary sector commenced during the
was continually shifting. sectors seeing a shift in employment to gain industrial era.
importance.
