TCDHA Microbiology Midterm Review Questions with Correct Answers

TCDHA Microbiology Midterm Review Questions with Correct Answers What are the 4 small life forms? - Answer-1. Virus 2. Bacteria 3. Fungi (molds, yeast) 4. Protozoa 5. Algae What are the several sub-disciplines within microbiology? - Answer-1. Bacteriology 2. Mycology 3. Protozoology 4. Virology What is the study of Bacteria? - Answer-bacteriology What is the study of fungi? - Answer-mycology What is immunology? - Answer-Knowledge of body's defense mechanism (immune system) that adds to the understanding of disease prevention through immunization, and the natural barriers of the body against infection What did Girolamo Francastoro do? - Answer-- recognized existence of "tiny living particles that cause "catching" (contagious) disease - spread by direct contact with humans, and indirect contacts with objects What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek do? - Answer-- Used the microscope to view live microbes which he called 'animalcules' - Discovered bacteria - first to see microbe What did Edward Jenner do? - Answer-- He created the small pox vaccination from cow pox. - credited with concept of immunization What did Louis Pasteur do? - Answer-- invented pasteurization - saved wine industry by heating grape juice to reduce amount of bacteria - use of heat to destroy vegetative bacteria + resistent bacterial spores - discovered bacteria produced disease such as anthrax and cholera - created first vaccines for rabies, anthrax and cholera What did John Tyndall do? - Answer-- discovered tyndallization - discovered need for prolonged heating to destroy bacteria What are the 2 forms that bacteria exist? - Answer-- heat stable - heat sensitive What is tyndallization? - Answer-Prolong/ intermittent heat to destroy heatstable/sensitive bacteria What did Ferdinand Cohn do? - Answer-discovered endospores What are endospores? - Answer-Dormant form of bacteria w/ enhance resistance to heat, staining and disinfection What did Joseph Lister do? - Answer-Discovered role of airborne microorganisms Discovered that airborne mo's can be reduced w carbolic acid (phenols) What did Christian Gram do? - Answer-developed gram stain What is gram staining? - Answer-Determines differences in the cell wall 2 distinct groups - gram positive and gram negative What did Ignaz Semmelweis do? - Answer-Recognized importance of handwashing What did Sir Alexander Fleming discover? - Answer-penicillin What did Wendell Stanley do? - Answer-Developed electron microscope What did Robert Koch do? - Answer-identified the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, anthrax and cholera What are prokaryotic cells? - Answer-Primitive cells NO internal membrane NO nucleus What is bacteria? - Answer-prokaryote What is a eukaryotic cell? - Answer-Complex cells WITH internal membranes HAVE a nucleus What group do protozoa, algae, fungi, plants and animals belong to? - AnswerEukaryote What is flagella? - Answer-Long, thin whip-like structure that helps organisms move