UWRF ANSC 360- Exam 1 Questions Perfectly Answered!!

Micelles - Answer-single layer of phospholipids, important in fat digestion/absorption Liposomes - Answer-large spheres with bilayer phospholipids walls and hollow center Phospholipid bilayer - Answer-sheets of bilayer phospholipid walls found in membranes sphingolipids - Answer-longer, head is sphingosine cholestrol - Answer-hydrophobic, insert between phospholipids integral proteins - Answer-tightly bound, hydrophobic, hard to remove lipid-anchored proteins - Answer-bound to lipid tails; associated with sphingolipids peripheral lipids - Answer-attached loosely to integral proteins or head of lipid glycoprotein - Answer-carbohydrate attached to protein -important in immune response glycolipids - Answer-carbohydrates that attach to lipids channel protein - Answer-molecules move through channel open/leak channels - Answer-always open, typically charged inside -molecules of opposite charge pass throughgate channels - Answer-open or close in response to a stimulus voltage ligand mechanical carrier proteins - Answer-protein binds molecules and carries them across membrane by changing conformation uniport carriers - Answer-move 1 kind of molecule cotransport - Answer-moves 2-3 kinds of molecules simple diffusion - Answer-random thermal motion of suspended or dissolved molecules causing dispersion from high to low concentrations net flux - Answer-the overall movement of the solute accounting for the movement in both directions facilitated diffusion - Answer-movement of a molecule down its concentration gradient using a carrier or channel protein ion channel - Answer-water-filled, voltage-gated tunnels that allow only ions of a certain size and or charge to pass aquaporin channel - Answer-hour-glass shaped channel lined with charged chemical groups that interact with polar water molecules Direct/primary active transport (ATPases) - Answer-transporter that moves molecules against their concentration gradient where does conformation change occur in ATPase - Answer-ATPase is phosphorylated with Pi from ATPindirect/secondary active transport (ATP concentration gradient) - Answer-transporter uses the kinetic energy of 1 molecule moving down its concentration gradient to push other molecules against its concentration gradient specificity - Answer-ability of a carrier to carry only 1 molecule or closely related molecules -GLUT family competition - Answer-substrates will compete for binding sites -competitive inhibitor: blocks the transporter Saturation - Answer-carrier proteins operate at their maximum rate and all binding sites are full vesicular transport - Answer-transport of macromolecules in vesicles exocytosis - Answer-exporting large lipophobic molecules out of the cell