ANSC 168 Exam 2 (UWRF)Questions and Answers

What are the two planes the horse can flex in? - Answer--Lateral -Longitudinal What does lateral flexion require? - Answer-Bending from side to side What do the muscles on the inside do during lateral flexion? Outside muscles? - Answer-Inside: contract/shorten Outside: relax/stretch What is the goal of training? - Answer-Develop straightness When on the rail doing ring figures, how does the horse move? - Answer-On two tracks; lateral pairs each on same track When on the rail, where should the horse show lateral flexion? - Answer-The inside Why do you want to keep a slight bend in the horse when on the rail? - Answer--keeps horse obedient -reduce distraction/shying -keeps them ready Where does flexion create movement? - Answer-In the head Where does bend create movement? - Answer-Through the entire spine - poll to tail What are the primary aids for bend? - Answer--Add inside leg at the girth -Outside leg behind girth -Slight indirect reinWhat is the 3-part process to turning a horse? - Answer-1. Prepare with a half halt 2. Bend 3. Turn What is the horse's frame? - Answer-The general outline of its body What are the consequences of having a horse 'on the forehand'? - Answer-Slow to respond, dull to aids, less athletic, more prone to injury What does longitudinal flexion do? - Answer--bring hind legs under belly -shift center of mass towards rear -lightens weight on the forehand What are the aids for flexing the frame? - Answer--leg at girth -active seat -direct rein What is the name given to the aids used for flexing the frame? - Answer-Half halt What are the results of increasing direct rein during half halt? - Answer--generate energy -restrain forward expression -compression of frame -shorter stride length What are the results of decreasing direct rein during half halt? - Answer--uses more energy -allow forward expression -elongates frame -longer stride lengthWhat does it mean for a horse to be "on the bit"? - Answer-The horse is calmly seeking contract with the rider's hands What does it mean for a horse to be "above the bit"? - Answer-Head is raised and neck stiffens, resulting in a dropped back Increases weight on the forehand and shorter steps with the hind legs What does it mean for a horse to be "behind the bit"? - Answer--neck vertebrae become compressed -short steps with hind legs -long steps with front legs What is the result of correctly engaging the hindquarters? - Answer-Horse lowers the croup and elevates the forehand What are the two types of energy the horse moves with? - Answer--kinetic -potential What is the equation for kinetic energy? - Answer-Speed x Mass What are the two stride functions that are related to speed? - Answer--stride length -stride frequency What is potential energy? - Answer-Energy held in the horse's frame, aka impulsion How does the collected frame affect energy? - Answer-Highest potential energy, lowest kinetic energy How does the extended frame affect energy? - Answer-Highest kinetic energy, lowest potential energy Which two things are unique about each gait? - Answer--rhythm-sequence of footfalls What the two reasons for which a horse will naturally change gait? - Answer--limb loads create stress on bones and soft tissue -redistribute forces to minimize potential damage As speed decreases, does the horse require more or less impulsion to maintain the gait? - Answer-More How do you ride a downward transition? - Answer--decrease speed by decreasing the stride length -use half halts to shorten stride length -restraining seat/softening reins change gait What is impulsion? - Answer--potential energy (Pe) Where do you hold potential energy? - Answer-In your hands