DIT 121 - Final Exam Actual Questions and Answers with complete solution

DIT 121 - Final Exam Actual Questions and Answers with complete solution What are phytochemicals? Name an example and explain the benefit. compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity in the body example: carotenoids - acts as antioxidant - may prevent some cancers Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: A -promoting vision (retinal) -protein synthesis and cell differentiation (retinoic acid) -supporting reproduction and regulating growth (retinol) -maintains the health of epithelial tissues and skin (retinoic acid) -Antioxidant in the form of beta carotene Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: D -actually a hormone -has binding protein that carries it to another body part to respond -bone growth: assist in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus -tissue support: immune system, brain, nervous system, pancreas, skin, muscle, cartilage and reproductive organs Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: E -antioxidant -body's primary defender against the adverse effects of free radicals >stop the chain reaction of free radicals from producing more free radicals - protects cell membranes from destruction -prevents the oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids -may reduce the risk of heart disease >protects LDL again oxidation and reducing inflammation Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: K -essential for blood clotting- -essential for the activation of several proteins: prothrombin - made by liver as a precursor of the protein thrombin -bone metabolism of proteins- -without vit ___ osteocalcin cannot bind to minerals that normally form bones What is beta-carotene? Where do we find it? Why is it important in the diet? -one of the carotenoids -orange pigment found in plants -Vitamin A precursor -We need vitamin A for healthy skin and mucus membranes, our immune system, and good eye health and vision. What is the daily recommended intake of water for adults? -8-12 cups a day (adults) List the major function trace mineral: Iron -Mostly found in proteins: Hemoglobin /Myoglobin -Cofactor in oxidation/reduction reactions -Participates in electron transport chain -Detoxifies drugs -Part of tissue enzymes