PPCT Exam 2024 Latest Update Correct
100%
autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into two parts what are they? - ANSWER
~Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) "Flight & Fight" - activates for stressful situation
~Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) "Rest & Digest" - operates in mainly a quiet,
non-stressful condition
what are the three mental states during combat - ANSWER ~Combat Anxiety - prior,
anticipation of danger
~Survival Stress - during, deadly force threat perception initiates SNS discharge
~Combat Stress - post event mental/physiological symptoms that are a result of the
SNS activation and the sudden return to the PNS. "PNS Backlash"
What does tunnel vision do to your peripheral field? - ANSWER Reduction up to 70% of
peripheral field
what are the three basic motor skills? - ANSWER ~Fine Motor Skills - 115BPM, fine
motor skills - report writing, survival reloading
~Complex Motor Skills - 145BPM, involve series of muscle groups, precision, tracking
timing
~Gross Motor Skills - skills involve large muscle groups, straight punch, increases in
effectiveness as SNS activated heart rate increases
What is the inverted U - ANSWER ~Examines the optimal heart rate zone for optimal
performance.
~As arousal increases so will motor performance to a point, if arousal too high
performance decreases
~Moderate (Optimally Aroused) = Maximum Performance
What is the optimal performance heart rate? - ANSWER 115/145 BPM
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER ~Perception that the threat has
diminished, injury, trauma to a vital system, or exhaustion of the aerobic/anaerobic
systems
~After SNS is activated situations can occur that cause the body to experience these
"backlash" triggers
What is critical incident amnesia? - ANSWER A form of temporary amnesia occurs
(subsequent) after SNS mass discharge, which includes the release of the stress
hormone cortisol
, What are the steps in incident reporting? - ANSWER ~First report "preliminary report"
should be verbal and titled
~Writing may be difficult due to PNS Backlash
~"Supplemental" debrief/report should not occur until after 1st sleep period
~Final report should not occur until after 2nd sleep period
What is the ATP/PC system - ANSWER ~Small energy bundles stored in the muscles,
used during high energy and strength activities
~100% Performance lasts 10-15 seconds. Drops to 45% within 30 seconds
What is the lactic acid system? - ANSWER Once ATP/PC system is depleted LAS will
act as afterburner fuel, 45 seconds intermediate strength and endurance
What is the importance of nutrition and hydration? - ANSWER Protein
SNS Activation and Combat Performance - ANSWER ~Vision - Tunnel vision, near
vision, focus, depth perception
~Motor Skills - Fine, Complex, Gross, Inverted-U Law
~Cognitive Abilities - Senses, Memory, Catastrophe Theory, Hypervigilance
What are the three components of PPCT Acceptability? - ANSWER ~Tactical
~Legal
~Medical
What are the research components to accept PPCT Acceptability? - ANSWER ~Hick's
Law, a motor learning and reaction time principle
~Reaction time increases by approximately 150 milliseconds when technique increases
from 1 to 2
What are the 2 theories of control? - ANSWER ~Total Control - associated with training
system, centered on use of intermediate weapons (baton/Taser/chemical)
~One-Plus-One - it the most conservative use of force theory. One level of force higher
What are the 6 levels of resistance? - ANSWER ~Psychological Intimidation blank stare,
clenching fist, tightening of muscles
~Verbal Noncompliance - verbal responses indicating subject's unwillingness to comply
~Passive Resistance - dead weight, does not comply to verbal commands
~Defensive Resistance - subject attempts to prevent from gaining control, pulls away
~Active Aggression - physical actions/assault on officer
~Deadly Force Assault - force may cause serious bodily injury or death
What are the 6 Levels of Control - ANSWER ~Officer Presence - authority of officer
~Verbal Directions - commands of direction/orders
~Soft Empty Hand Control - pressure points, little to no potential of forming injury
~Hard Empty Hand Control -capable of causing bruising/injury, shoulder pin restraint
~Intermediate Weapon - Taser, chemical/oc spray, flashlight
100%
autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into two parts what are they? - ANSWER
~Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) "Flight & Fight" - activates for stressful situation
~Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) "Rest & Digest" - operates in mainly a quiet,
non-stressful condition
what are the three mental states during combat - ANSWER ~Combat Anxiety - prior,
anticipation of danger
~Survival Stress - during, deadly force threat perception initiates SNS discharge
~Combat Stress - post event mental/physiological symptoms that are a result of the
SNS activation and the sudden return to the PNS. "PNS Backlash"
What does tunnel vision do to your peripheral field? - ANSWER Reduction up to 70% of
peripheral field
what are the three basic motor skills? - ANSWER ~Fine Motor Skills - 115BPM, fine
motor skills - report writing, survival reloading
~Complex Motor Skills - 145BPM, involve series of muscle groups, precision, tracking
timing
~Gross Motor Skills - skills involve large muscle groups, straight punch, increases in
effectiveness as SNS activated heart rate increases
What is the inverted U - ANSWER ~Examines the optimal heart rate zone for optimal
performance.
~As arousal increases so will motor performance to a point, if arousal too high
performance decreases
~Moderate (Optimally Aroused) = Maximum Performance
What is the optimal performance heart rate? - ANSWER 115/145 BPM
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER ~Perception that the threat has
diminished, injury, trauma to a vital system, or exhaustion of the aerobic/anaerobic
systems
~After SNS is activated situations can occur that cause the body to experience these
"backlash" triggers
What is critical incident amnesia? - ANSWER A form of temporary amnesia occurs
(subsequent) after SNS mass discharge, which includes the release of the stress
hormone cortisol
, What are the steps in incident reporting? - ANSWER ~First report "preliminary report"
should be verbal and titled
~Writing may be difficult due to PNS Backlash
~"Supplemental" debrief/report should not occur until after 1st sleep period
~Final report should not occur until after 2nd sleep period
What is the ATP/PC system - ANSWER ~Small energy bundles stored in the muscles,
used during high energy and strength activities
~100% Performance lasts 10-15 seconds. Drops to 45% within 30 seconds
What is the lactic acid system? - ANSWER Once ATP/PC system is depleted LAS will
act as afterburner fuel, 45 seconds intermediate strength and endurance
What is the importance of nutrition and hydration? - ANSWER Protein
SNS Activation and Combat Performance - ANSWER ~Vision - Tunnel vision, near
vision, focus, depth perception
~Motor Skills - Fine, Complex, Gross, Inverted-U Law
~Cognitive Abilities - Senses, Memory, Catastrophe Theory, Hypervigilance
What are the three components of PPCT Acceptability? - ANSWER ~Tactical
~Legal
~Medical
What are the research components to accept PPCT Acceptability? - ANSWER ~Hick's
Law, a motor learning and reaction time principle
~Reaction time increases by approximately 150 milliseconds when technique increases
from 1 to 2
What are the 2 theories of control? - ANSWER ~Total Control - associated with training
system, centered on use of intermediate weapons (baton/Taser/chemical)
~One-Plus-One - it the most conservative use of force theory. One level of force higher
What are the 6 levels of resistance? - ANSWER ~Psychological Intimidation blank stare,
clenching fist, tightening of muscles
~Verbal Noncompliance - verbal responses indicating subject's unwillingness to comply
~Passive Resistance - dead weight, does not comply to verbal commands
~Defensive Resistance - subject attempts to prevent from gaining control, pulls away
~Active Aggression - physical actions/assault on officer
~Deadly Force Assault - force may cause serious bodily injury or death
What are the 6 Levels of Control - ANSWER ~Officer Presence - authority of officer
~Verbal Directions - commands of direction/orders
~Soft Empty Hand Control - pressure points, little to no potential of forming injury
~Hard Empty Hand Control -capable of causing bruising/injury, shoulder pin restraint
~Intermediate Weapon - Taser, chemical/oc spray, flashlight
