West Coast EMT Block 4 Exam Study Guide
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS EXPLAINED
What is cavitation?
A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which
cause damage distant from the bullet's path.
What is Newton's first law?
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
What is potential energy?
The product of mass (weight), force of gravity (acceleration), and height.
- Energy that is stored.
PE = mgh
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion or movement
KE = ½ mass x velocity^2 or KE = ½ mv^2
What is a vehicle collision?
i. Damage to the car does not directly affect patient care but does provide information
about the severity of the collision.
ii. By assessing the vehicle that has crashed, you can often determine the MOI.
What is a human collision?
- Kinetic energy produced by the passenger's mass and velocity is converted into the
work of stopping his or her body.
- Common passenger injuries include lower extremity fractures, rib fractures, and head
trauma.
, What is an internal collision?
i. Internal injuries may not be as obvious as external injuries, but they are often the most
life threatening.
What do we assume with the death of an occupant in the same vehicle as another
person?
Assume major injury because the force was strong enough to kill the other passenger.
What is the purpose of airbags?
To reduce blunt chest trauma.
What happens if the airbags do not deploy and what should you do?
Decrease the severity of deceleration injuries and decrease injury to the chest, face and
head. If it does not deploy, disconnect the vehicle battery.
What is the purpose of a head rest and what does it prevent?
To reduce the rearward motion of the head in a rear end crash and decrease the
chances of occupants sustaining whiplash neck injuries.
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are arterioles?
The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries.
What are capillaries?
Links between the arterial and venial sides of vessels, also where gas exchange occurs.
What are venules?
small veins that receive blood from the capillaries.
What are veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
What affects the ability of the blood to clot?
the type of vessel that is broken (arterial vessels clot slower than venous and capillary
vessels)
patients with hemophilia: lacks one or more of the blood's clotting factors and bleeding
may occur spontaneously
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS EXPLAINED
What is cavitation?
A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which
cause damage distant from the bullet's path.
What is Newton's first law?
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
What is potential energy?
The product of mass (weight), force of gravity (acceleration), and height.
- Energy that is stored.
PE = mgh
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion or movement
KE = ½ mass x velocity^2 or KE = ½ mv^2
What is a vehicle collision?
i. Damage to the car does not directly affect patient care but does provide information
about the severity of the collision.
ii. By assessing the vehicle that has crashed, you can often determine the MOI.
What is a human collision?
- Kinetic energy produced by the passenger's mass and velocity is converted into the
work of stopping his or her body.
- Common passenger injuries include lower extremity fractures, rib fractures, and head
trauma.
, What is an internal collision?
i. Internal injuries may not be as obvious as external injuries, but they are often the most
life threatening.
What do we assume with the death of an occupant in the same vehicle as another
person?
Assume major injury because the force was strong enough to kill the other passenger.
What is the purpose of airbags?
To reduce blunt chest trauma.
What happens if the airbags do not deploy and what should you do?
Decrease the severity of deceleration injuries and decrease injury to the chest, face and
head. If it does not deploy, disconnect the vehicle battery.
What is the purpose of a head rest and what does it prevent?
To reduce the rearward motion of the head in a rear end crash and decrease the
chances of occupants sustaining whiplash neck injuries.
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are arterioles?
The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries.
What are capillaries?
Links between the arterial and venial sides of vessels, also where gas exchange occurs.
What are venules?
small veins that receive blood from the capillaries.
What are veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
What affects the ability of the blood to clot?
the type of vessel that is broken (arterial vessels clot slower than venous and capillary
vessels)
patients with hemophilia: lacks one or more of the blood's clotting factors and bleeding
may occur spontaneously
