ARDS and ARF questions with complete solutions

ARDS and ARFacute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - correct answer a condition of severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema without evidence of fluid overload or impaired cardiac function ARDS is a progressive disorder - correct answer -Damage to alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium triggers the onset of severe inflammation -Chemical mediators promote vasodilation and increased capillary permeability in the lungs -Fluids and other substances leak into the lung tissues and alveolar space--> pulmonary edema -Damage to alveolar cells --> atelectasis ARDS phase I - correct answer Injury reduces blood flow to the lungs. Platelets aggregate and release histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin ARDS phase II - correct answer Histamine (mainly) inflames and damages the alveolocapillary membrane, increasing capillary permeability. Fluids then shift into the interstitial space ARDS phase III - correct answer As capillary permeability increases, proteins and fluids leak out, increasing interstitial osmotic pressure and causing pulmonary edema ARDS phase IV - correct answer Decreased blood flow and fluids in the alveoli damage surfactant and impair the cell's ability to produce more. As a result, alveoli collapse, impeding gas exchange and decreasing lung compliance ARDS mnemonic - correct answer Assault to the pulmonary system Respiratory distress Decreased lung compliance Severe respiratory failure ARDS risk factors - correct answer Aspiration (gastric secretions, drowning, hydrocarbons)