Pharmacology NCLEX verified already passed 2024

Pharmacology NCLEX ACE Inhibitor Drugs - correct answer Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Enalaprilat (Vasotec IV), Fosinopril (Monopril), Lisinopril (Prinivil) ACE Inhibitors/ARBs Use - correct answer Uses: Hypertension, HF, MI, diabetic neuropathy. Precautions/interactions: caution with diuretic therapy, monitor potassium levels. Side effects of ACE inhibitor/ARBs - correct answer Persistent non-productive cough with ACE. Angioedema (administer epinephrine), hypotension, should not be used in second and third trimester of pregnancy Captopril time to take - correct answer 1 hour before meals Calcium channel blocker drugs - correct answer Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), verapamil (Calan), Diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc) Ca++ channel blocker Use - correct answer Angina, hypertension. Verapamil and diltiazem used for a fib, atrial flutter, or SVT. Use cautiously with digoxin and beta blockers, contraindicated for those with HF, heart block, bradycardia. NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE. IV injection over 2-3 minutes. Slowly taper if discontinuing Side effects of calcium channel blockers - correct answer Constipation, reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, toxicity Alpha Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics) - correct answer Selectively inhibit alpha, adrenergic receptors, resulting in peripheral arterial and venous dilation that lowers BP. Side effects: dizziness, fainting. Take at bed time to minimize effects of hypotension. Alpha Adrenergic Blockers Drugs - correct answer Prazosin (Minipress), Doxazosin mesylate (Cardura) Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists - correct answer Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors in the brain to reduce peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Used for HTN, hypertensive crisis, severe cancer pain. Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonist Drugs - correct answer Clonidine (Catapres), Guanfacine HCl (Tenex), Methyldopa (Aldomet) Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonist Drug Precautions - correct answer Contraindicated with anticoagulant therapy, hepatic failure. Do not administer to clients taking MAOIs. Do not administer methyldopa through IV line with barbiturates or sulfonamides. Use cautiously in CVA, MI, DM, depression, or chronic renal failure. Do not use during lactation Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonist Drug Side Effects - correct answer Dry mouth, drowsiness, sedation, rebound HTN, black or sore tongue, leukopenia Beta Adrenergic Blockers (Sympatholytics) - correct answer Inhibit stimulation of receptor sites, resulting in decreased cardiac excitability, cardiac output, myocardial oxygen demand, lower BP by decreasing release of renin by kidney. Hypertension, angina, tachydysrhythmias, HF, MI. Beta Adrenergic Blocker Medications (Cardioselective Beta1 meds) - correct answer Metoprolol (Lopressor), atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL) Beta Adrenergic Blocker Medications (Nonselective beta1 and 2 meds) - correct answer Propranolol (Inderal), Nadolol (Corgard), Labetalol (Normodyne) Beta Adrenergic Blocker Precautions - correct answer Contraindicated in clients who have AV block and sinus bradycardia, do not administer nonselective beta blockers to clients who have asthma, bronchospasm, HF, propranolol may mask effects of hypoglycemia in DM, do not administer labetalol in same IV line with furosemide. Do not administer if systolic less than 100 and pulse less than 60. Beta adrenergic blocker side effects - correct answer Bradycardia, nasal stuffiness, AV block, rebound myocardium excitation if stopped abruptly, bronchospasm