Current World Problems Part 1, CWP #2, CWP 3 with correct answer 202

What makes a state a state? - answer-Territoriality and Sovereignty What are the conditions of statehood? - answer-Permanent population, Defined territory, a Government, and capacity to enter relations with other states What is power? - answer-Ability to achieve ones personal goals or purposes, get other to do what you want Hard Power - answer-Military, Visible, and tangible Soft Power - answer-Negotiations, Norm Making, Indirect What are the elements of rational choice? - answer-Self Interest, Collective Action, Goal Maximization What are the problems of rational choice and why are they problems? - answer-More members in a group has more coordination which makes it harder to communicate, formation of common goals becomes difficult Prisoners Dilemma - answer-Distrust among the parties-difficult to cooperate. Example: North Korea withdrawing from the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty in 2003 Free Riding - answer-When actors do not act according to the goals Examples of Tragedy of the Commons. - answer-Use of public goods becomes unmonitored and is overused. Example: Overfishing, Fish population collapses and fishermen lose their job. Used first by Garret Hardin What do you know about the Mexican Gulf Dead Zone? Who are the actors involved? - answer-An ecosystem that cannot maintain any living creatures. It was caused by an increase in chemical nutrients in the water. Farms started this. Shrimp Trawlers reported this. What is political culture? What are its weaknesses and strengths? - answer-How political beliefs shape traditions, habits, and patterns of behavior. What are Political Culture's weaknesses and strengths? - answer-Whose preference counts? The problem with this is its vagueness - unscientific. Needs solid evidence What are the elements of political culture? - answer-Objective Social structures, Subjective legitimacy, Political regime type. How did the Egyptian revolution occur and how does the political culture approach explain the event? - answer-Protests started in 2010 when a fruit seller (Muhammad) set himself on fire, in Egypt- death of Khaled Said who was beaten by death and his body was shared online. The citizens weren't walking away from the protests until Hosni Mubarak stepped down from presidency. What is structuralism? And what are its strengths and weaknesses? - answer-A set of rules; study of meanings that are attached to signs, symbols, and communications. Everything has a meaning. Its difficult to identify the structures, can't explain how it was formed. But its more visible than cultures, What are two causes for a revolution according to Skopol? - answer-State crisis and class crisis. What are the assumptions made by structuralism? - answer-Every system has a structure, Structures do not change much, they are enduring, and are real things. How does structuralism help explain the current state of healthcare in the US? - answer-Changes can only happen overtime. What type of membership was Palestine granted by the UN in 2012? - answer-Non-member Observer State What is International Politics? - answer-It is politics in the absence of a common sovereign What has intensified the Baltic Dead Zone and made it worse? - answer-Overfishing The Mexican Gulf Dead Zone was a result of - answer-Heavy rains causing the Mississippi to transport fertilizers from farms to the Gulf The Mexican Gulf Dead Zone is a prime example of - answer-Tragedy of the commons What describes the process of Socialization? - answer-It strengthens the system already in place only in stable systems Why was Mrs. Morsi ousted after being elected? - answer-Failed to create an inclusive government. What is not a value of of the political culture approach? - answer-Has great predictive capabilities? Elements of Human Security - answer-Ensuring the survival, livelihood, dignity of people, current and emerging threats How does the UN define security? - answer- Responsibilities of the international community to ensure security - answer-violent conflict, proliferation of arms, On the move, human security transition funds, encouraging fair trade, minimum living standards, basic health care Challenges faced by developing states when facing an epidemic crisis - answer-Structural inequalities, access to locations that need help may not be easy, cost of drugs is a big impediment Who are DTOs? - answer-Drug Trafficking Organization. Comprised of drug cartels, they command and control. Each has transportation, security, enforcement, money laundering. Who are narcoterrrorists? - answer-Groups participating in taxing, providing security for aiding or vetting drug trafficking endeavors to fund terrorist activities. ICJ - answer-International Court of Justice. Tries states, Adjudication: only states can be parties, Enforcement: only when states have accepted its jurisdiction, Non-binding authority: states can refuse, conflict resolution tasks ICC - answer-International Criminal Court. Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, crime of aggression, Tries individuals, not states•when state courts do not take action Events leading to the current South China Sea conflict. - answer-1974: Chinese seized the Paracels, killed 70 Vietnamese troops. 1988: Vietnam lost 60 sailors. 2012: Chinese sabotaged two Vietnamese exploration operations large anti-China protests in Vietnam UDHR - answer-Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Right to non-discrimination, to work, just conditions at work, Trade Union rights, social security, protection of the family, adequate standard of living, health, education, participation in cultural life ICCPR - answer-International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. UDHR strength - answer-High moral force, Innovative, foundation of international human rights law, led to the drafting of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) legal force to UDHR Conditions that allowed the Rwandan conflict to occur. - answer-Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) is formed in Ugandaexiled Tutsi refugees, RPF invades northern Rwanda. Terrorism - answer-Use of violence (or threat of violence), pursuit of political aim, Instill fear What are the challenges in battling international terrorism? - answer-Include state sovereignty and the need for autonomy, can be more costly, solutions are not so straightforward Why is the Battle of Mosul important to study? - answer-The battle was illustrative of the divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims. What were the events leading up to the success of the Iraqi forces? - answer-ISIS gained control of Mosul in 2014 from Shia leaders, The Iraqi joint forces - Iraqi government, international forces and Iraqi Kurdistan Which UN agency protects refugees and how do they do it? - answer-UN High Commission on Refugees. Create a sustainable environment, Innovation: so refugees have access to cellphones and internet. Livelihoods: promotion of the right to work and supporting economic self-reliance. Protection: they are vulnerable. What are environmental refugees? - answer-People who have been forced to leave their traditional habitat, temporarily or permanently, because of a marked environmental disruption that jeopardizes their existence and/or seriously afects the quality of their life What are women's rights? - answer-The rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide How were women rights protected by the UN? - answer-Created the UN Women. The UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. 4 distinct parts of the UN system which focused on gender equality Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women (OSAGI), United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) What are the types of feminism explained in lectures? - answer-Mainstream, Liberal, Radical Mainstream Feminism - answer-Political and legal form, non-contentious issues women's political involvement and education. (Bourgeois feminism) Liberal Feminism - answer-Reproductive and abortion rights, sexual harassment, voting, education, equal pay - legal and political reform but more concerned with women's capacity to act. Radical Feminism - answer-Fights against patriarchal capitalist system that is responsible for oppression - reformation is not possible, only reconstruction. Elements of Terrorism - answer-Political and power. What cause Zimbabwe's bird flu epidemic? - answer-Poultry. What was the international community's response to Ebola? - answer-Slow to act Main critique of the war on drugs - answer-It's a war on minorities. Why is it difficult to capture DTO members? - answer-They may work with street gangs on the ground Examples of narcoterrorism - answer-FARC, ELN , PCP-SL, Hamas, Taliban What do narcoterrorist do? - answer-Gain legitimacy and loyalty from locals, Large financial profits, Protect locals who make money from illicit activities, Bargain with traffickers - better price, Provide medical services, trash collection service, Protection from foreign power. Problems with narcoterrorism - answer-communities become dependent, Increase quality of life - cost: national security, Simplistic law enforcement, Does not promise employment, Provide security - also source of insecurity Political Declaration and Plan of Action 2009 - answer-Deduction reduction matters, Drug supply reduction measures. Who are the main parties involved in the Kashmiri conflict? - answer-India and Pakistan What did the Chinese government warn the Australian government they would do? - answer-Impact its economic development Problems with the ICC - answer-only members can take part, lacks enforcement, requires cooperation of states before arrests can take place, uses soft enforcement such as freezing of assets. Current secretary general of UN - answer-Antonio Guterres The internal value of the society is for the continuation of peace. - answer-Political Choice The actors could not enter into war even if they wanted to because of the organizations and cooperation that have existed prior. - answer-Structural States look to enhance their economic standing so their shared goal is for peace over conflict. - answer-Rational choice What is the conflict of South China Sea about? - answer-The Paracels and the Spratlys - natural resources, mineral wealth, major shipping route, military advantage. Who's involved in the South China Sea? - answer-China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Taiwan, Malaysia and Brunei What was the Syrian Crisis caused by? - answer-An uprising gone bad Domestic Terrorism - answer-Terrorism targeting victims within a country by a perpetrator with the same citizenship as the victims International Terrorism - answer-Concerns more than one country, More complicated and requires the cooperation between states Who was Mosul under power for 3 years? - answer-ISIS What was the Battle of Mosul about? - answer-The divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims ISIS Military Tactics - answer-Covert, Civilians, Use of military arsenal, Chemical weapons, Fear of the unknown What happened to the Caribbean after the hurricanes? - answer-Many people had to flee the islands What is the major cause of the problem in Bangladesh? - answer-State is in denial What is the problem with drinking water in Bangladesh? - answer-Salt water seeping underground How would you define the battle of Mosul? - answer-Domestic Terrorism What are some causes of environmental displacement of population? - answer-Flooding, resource scarcity, desertification Why is Bangladesh a vulnerable state? - answer-Weak Government What did the UN create to protect women rights - answer-UN Women Define Feminism - answer-The fight against all forms of patriarchy, all human races are equal Why is Bangladesh sinking? - answer-Pumping of water from underground The power of the UN Secretary General lies in - answer-Soft Power Main difference between ICC and ICJ - answer-The ICC tries individuals, ICJ tries states. What is Globalization? - answer-The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. How has globalization affected the political system? - answer-States have less control over their population. Share power with non-state actors as they have failed to deal with global problems. Less loyalty to states. Economic globalization - answer-Intercontinental exchange of products, services, and labor. Trade & competition increase, leads to lower prices and companies that are weak cease to exist. What is the Impact of Globalization on states? - answer-States have to share power with non-state actors as they have failed to deal with global problems. Multi-National Corporations - answer-Instrumental in the globalization of production and distribution networks. Causes of economic globalization - answer-Consolidation of financial institutions, globalization of operations, new technologies, easy movement of money Political globalization - answer-Refers to the increase of international and regional organizations - composed of states & non-state actors. Competition among states at the global scale What is an international regime? - answer-The formation of organizations across the globe Why is globalization a threat? - answer-Promotion of Western Individualisms What are reasons for countries to resist globalization? - answer-Many countries resists globalization, Many see global problems (inequality and conflict) as a result of globalization. Who are naysayers? - answer-Contributes to environmental degradation, lowers wages and creates greater inequality. Weak Globalists - answer-States remain sovereign and people continue to guard their territories. Who are Hyperglobalists? - answer-See changes in the international system as:a weakening of states- through creation of a borderless economy - integration into a global marketplace and the emergence of new forms of social and economic organizations Who are Skeptics? - answer-Globalization is a myth, hide the reality of the existence of powerful states. National governments are in control of their domestic economies, Powerful states regulate international economic activities. Inequality fuels nationalism What is the agreement between EU states that allows for free movement of people? - answer-Single European Act What is EU? Why was it set up? - answer-The EU was set up in 1945 with the goal of ending wars, Six founding countries - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Initiated through the Treaty of Rome. Why is the UK getting out of EU? - answer-A referendum, a vote in which everyone of voting age can take part. Was held on 6/23/16. It decided whether the UK should be part of EU, 51.9% voted to leave and 48.1% voted to stay. What are the terms of its exit in the EU? - answer-It could take up to six years for the UK to complete exit negotiations. •Will have to be agreed by 27 national parliaments. Who are anti-globalists? - answer-Globalization responsible for the increasing global inequality,vinequality causes the poor to become poorer, declining levels of human welfare. How is geography a cause for underdevelopment? - answer-It accounts for landlocked states that do not experience growth unlike coastal states What are the economic and political systems in place in Nepal? - answer-Coalition government, included most of the parties in parliament. The new coalition government- restructured the government. The King was ordered to vacate his position. His palace to be changed into a public museum. What is remittance income? - answer-Young people from the country leave to other countries to work and send money back home. How does remittance income affect Nepal? - answer-Causes Nepal to continue in their chain of poverty and unstable development. No community rooted economy Young migrants through labor trafficking networks, low paying jobs in richer countries mostly in the middle east. What are the possible explanations for the 2008 financial crisis? - answer-US mortgages could be bought and sold = assets, Bonds were backed up by mortgages - resold in lots. Oversupply of money - Alan Greenspan - lowered interest rate to 1% - greater access to capital What type of states are more vulnerable during financial crises? - answer-Its tied to their financial stability What are subprime loans? - answer-Borrow from reserves from developing countries. Credit to those who did not meet normal standards Low credit score, greater vulnerability- charged higher interest rates. What is the Occupy Wall Street movement about? - answer-An international socio-political movement against social and economic inequality and the lack of "real democracy" around the world. Its primary goal is to advance social and economic justice and new forms of democracy. What is Huntington's clash of civilization? And what is the problem with his explanation? - answer-Cultural differences cause conflict, civilizations are dividing lines. Civilization = highest cultural grouping. Defined by common objective elements What is the problem with Huntington's explanation? - answer-Civilizations-product of cross fertilization, lines between civilizations are blurred. Mixing of religions - common through missionaries, monks etc. - caused the emergence of a transnational society. What is Islamophobia? - answer-Irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against Islam or people who practice Islam. Affects: not only Muslims but also those racialized as 'Muslim' •language, clothing or skin color - are also affected What are the factors that allow for the spread of Islamaphobia? - answer-Physical attacks against those perceived to be Muslim. Damage and desecration of mosques and Islamic centers-law enforcement proiling, discrimination in employment and denials of service. Anti-Islam legislation and policy measures. How does globalization contribute to cultural clashes? - answer-Globalized interdependent world (Barber, Beck) or that the world would be comprised of civilizations that would inevitably clash (Huntington). Global Interdependent World - answer-The world operates out of trust, connection and cooperation. Not on competing ideologies, religions and rival corporations•Strong democracies, citizens govern themselves, not delegate their power and responsibilities to representatives. Cosmopolitanism - regardless of political affiliation, we can be citizens in a single community What is the causing the rise of Bitcoin? - answer-Reduced demand in gold Which of the following is not a challenge of sovereignty? - answer-Homogenization of cultures To which of the following groups did the president of China address? - answer-The BRICs BRICs - answer-Countries that are rising in economic power What is the opinion about the cabinet about Brexit? - answer-Split Which of the following is not an impact of Brexit? - answer-Britain has repealed referendums What does Hans Rosling say about inequality between countries? - answer-Binary distinction is outdated Anti-Globalists argue that inequality causes: - answer-The poor to become extremely poor Who argues that the worlds poor are not as poor today because of globalization? - answer-Globalists What percent of the world remains poor today? - answer-10% How do religious and social values impact development of states? - answer-The inluence of Christianity and equality spurred growth in the west Causes of inequality between rich and poor countries - answer-Geography, Tropical countries, Lack of Infrastructures What is the biggest problem in Indonesia after the financial crisis in 1997? - answer-Debt Two main sources of income in Nepal - answer-Remittance and agriculture What is the cause of the acid attack in London? - answer-Clash between the west and Muslims What is not an impact of global financial crisis? - answer-States opened their markets Why did Subprime loans cause the US financial crisis? - answer-Banks offered higher rates to risky individuals How is Japan vied by the Chinese? - answer-Anger because of the lack of closure of Japanese aggression in WWII A critique of Huntington's clash of civilization - answer-The lines between one civilization to another is not clear Why was the use of "crusade" troubling - answer-A historical term that brought cultural clashes to the forefront An argument for the rise of islamaphobia - answer-Islamophobia supports a multi-million dollar industry Which of the following is an example of interdependence? - answer-Greece's bankruptcy causes Bulgaria's economy to suffer A skeptic believes that - answer-Globalization is not happening Which of the following would be a rational choice explanation to globalization? - answer-There is greater opportunities for collective action Which of the following is an argument raised by globalists? - answer-It takes people out of poverty Nepal's economy is suffering mostly because of - answer-An earthquake Remittance economy is allowed by the Nepalese government because - answer-Money comes into the country without investment Which of the following was not a cause of the 2008 economic crisis in the US? - answer-Unpaid student loans What type of states are most affected by financial crises? - answer-States that are more integrated into the global economy Which of these is not one of the founding countries of the EU? - answer-UK The rise of Islamaphobia is best explained through the history of clashes and unavoidable - answer-Structural Explanation