Audiology Praxis Study Set 2024-Assessment section Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Audiology Praxis Study Set 2024-Assessment section Questions and Answers 100% Pass The purpose of audiological assessment is to get quantitative and qualitative information on hearing loss in terms of the amount, the type, and the configuration. The amount of hearing loss is a quantitative measurement expressed in dB. It is tested using pure tones at frequencies between 500-4000Hz. the severity of hearing loss can be classified as Mild 20-40dB, moderate 41-60 dB, severe from 61-80 dB, and profound 81dB+ (levels vary). the type of loss is related to the location of damage in the auditory system. It is classified as conductive (outer or middle ear), sensorineural (cochlea, inner ear, auditory nerve), or mixed a combination of both. loss configuration is qualitative. determining the configuration of hearing loss involves distinguishing between bilateral and unilateral loss; symmetrical or asymmetrical loss; high frequency or low frequency; flat, sloping, or precipitous loss, progressive or sudden loss - Correct Answer ️️ -State the purpose of audiological assessments in terms of the three aspects of hearing loss. Describe what the audiologist looks for in relation to each aspect. When testing air conduction hearing, the audiometers earphones are placed over the patients ears. The audiometer sends pure tones via the earphones through the air into the ear canal. The patient is instructed to raise a hand or finger, point to the ear hearing the tone, press a button, or speak outloud to show s/he hears the tone. with infants, audiologists observe behavioral changes, such as sucking activity; increase or decrease in motor activity, looking for the sound, and or signs of attention to a sound. Correct responses are rewarded by allowing the child to view an animated toy, this is called visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Conditioned play audiometry can be used with young children. Instead of raising a hand, pointing, etc., they may be instructed to drop a block in a box, or put a ring over a rod as a response. - Correct Answer ️️ - Summarize the procedure for an air conduction test using pure tone audiometry. Describe some alternative patient responses used when testing infants, toddlers, and young children. The pure tone average is a representation of the amount of hearing loss is in each ear. It is measured in decibels (dB). Unlike some other audiological measures such as word recognition and supra-threshold SRA, it is not expressed as a percentage. An audiologist calculates pure tone average after completing pure tone audiometric testing and plotting on an audiogram. The persons hearing thresholds at 500,1000, and 2000 (main speech frequencies) are averaged for each ear. - Correct Answer ️️ -Define pure tone average. explain when and how it is calculated and give an example. It has been demonstrated clinically that audiological rehabilitation services assist people who have been prescribed hearing aids to accept their new hearing aids and benefit more from using them. These services also help people with hearing aids resolve many residual communication problems, as well as problems adjusting to having a hearing loss and using a hearing aid. Audiological rehabilitation services include adaptive training in amplification and other assistive devices or technologies; training in speech reading; tactile training; auditory training; individual counseling; family counseling; group counseling; and training and guidance in the development of communication strategies. Research has proven the effectiveness of such services. Audiological rehabilitation not only fosters both compliance and success with the use of hearing aids, but also enhances the psycho social and communicative functioning of peopl - Correct Answer ️️ -Describe some types of and benefits of audiological rehabilitation services as they relate to hearing aids. Measurements that give the examiner information regarding outer and middle ear status are known as acoustic immittance measures. One component of immittance measurement is tympanometry. Tympanometry assesses eardrum function, and can identify wax buildup in the canal, eardrum perforation, and fluid in the middle ear. Another component of immittance testing is acoustic reflex measurement. This tests the acoustic reflex, or the stapedius reflex, wherein the stapedius muscle reacts to sudden loud sound by pulling the stapes foot plate away from the oval window. This has the effect of damping the inner ear's sound transmission, preventing noise-induced hearing loss. Testing this reflex can give information pertinent to middle ear function, hearing loss, and diagnosis. Following the full audiological evaluation, the audiologist develops a profile of the patient's hearing abilities and needs by reviewing each part of the a - Correct Answer ️️ -Name and describe some audiological measures of middle ear function. Describe some steps an audiologist may take following a full audiological assessment. Frequency or wavelength, perceived as pitch, goes from left (lowest) to right (highest) along the X (horizontal) axis of the graph. Frequencies audiologists test include 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 8000 Hz. Intensity, perceived as loudness, goes from top (softest) to bottom (loudest) along the Y (vertical) axis. It is measured in decibels (dB). The audiologist plots a point corresponding to the lowest dB level at which the individual can hear each frequency, using O for the right ear and X for the left ear. The Xs and Os are connected to create a line or curve for each ear. If this line's configuration is flat, the person's acuity is equal for every frequency presented. If it slopes down at the right, low- frequency hearing is better and high-frequency hearing is worse. If it rises to the right, high-frequency hearing is better and low-frequency hearing is worse. Symmetrical configuration shows equal h - Correct Answer ️️ -Describe how frequency and intensity are plotted on an audiogram. Hearing loss is one of the most frequent causes of chronic disability in the U.S. It can be congenital, inherited, or due to aging, trauma, disease, or ototoxic agents. Hearing impairment has an impact not only on communication functioning, but also on the psychological and social functioning and overall well-being of millions of individuals. It also has an impact on those individuals' family members, friends, employers, and co-workers. A report by the National Council on Aging found that adults with no intervention for their hearing loss tend to report symptoms of depression and anxiety more often, and tend to participate in organized social activities less often than adults who have hearing aids. Hearing aids are the intervention recommended for the majority of adults with hearing loss. Unfortunately, one in five people who get hearing aids stop using them. Even those who use them show significant signs of residual - Correct Answer ️️ -Discuss the impact of hearing loss on adults and intervention. Assessment instruments must be both valid and reliable for their results to be accurate and meaningful. Validity means that an instrument tests/ measures what it purports to test/measure. Reliability means that an instrument's administration can be repeated and can obtain consistent results across repetitions. A test may be reliable but not valid. For example, it may yield the same results when replicated, but may not measure what it is meant to measure. However, the converse is not true. A test that is valid will not be unreliable (assuming the variable measured is not changed). Normally, instruments that are valid are also reliable. Because they measure what they are intended to measure, they can be replicated with the same results. Validity is situation-specific in that an instrument may be valid for some purposes but not others. Reliability is not situation-specific in that a reliable instrument should yield cons - Correct Answer ️️ -Define the terms validity and reliability as they relate to assessment instruments, and differentiate between the two. Some neurophysiological methods of speech perception research include event-related potentials, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and magnetoencephalography. Mismatch negativity is a significant response that can be elicited with event-related potentials when a speech stimulus varies acoustically from a previous one. An advantage is the ability to measure lower-level auditory processes separately from higher-level ones. Behavioral responses can proceed from conscious processes that developed later. They can also be influenced by factors such as spelling, and can disguise the subject's capacity to identify sounds on the basis of lower-level acoustic distributions. Brain responses, on the other hand, are more direct, and need not be conscious. Thus, infants can be tested neurophysiologically, which is an advantage when language acquisition is being studied. Another advantag