Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam 2025/26 With Complete Solutions, 100% Guaranteed Pass || Complete A+ Guide

Plants Architecture - correct answer-Plant needs i. collection & conversion of solar energy -> leaves ii. positioning & support of leaves -> stems iii. anchorage & absorption -> roots iv. transport -> vascular system Leaf Structure - correct answer-Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular Bundle) Epidermis contains what? - correct answer-- Cuticle - Guard cells with Stomata Epidermis - correct answer-outermost cell layer of a plant body cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis Cuticle - correct answer-Waxy waterproof covering of a plant. Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation. Guard Cells - correct answer-Responsible for opening and closing stomata. Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange. Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface Stomata - correct answer-Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on both surfaces. Allows for gas exchange. 2 aspects of Photosynthesis - correct answer-light dependent reactions light independent reactions Mesophyll contains what? - correct answer-- Parenchyma - Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers Mesophyll - correct answer-Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer. Parenchyma - correct answer-Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma Thin and flexible cells Most common and versatile ground tissue Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products Palisade & Spongy layers - correct answer-Palisade layer: where light dependent reactions occur, near the surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot plants. Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has access to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs, converting nonorganic CO2 into sugars. Vein (Vascular bundle) - correct answer-Transports materials throughout the leaf and contains the xylem and phloem. Separating the VB = damage. Stem Structure - correct answer-Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Vascular Tissues Xylem - correct answer-(Xylem Up) Distributes water from roots throughout Aimed towards stem Red Tells age of tree Contains: tracheids & vessel members Tracheids - correct answer-Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated, tapered ends. Vestigial structure First kind of tube made Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and gymnosperms (slow flow) Vessel Members - correct answer-Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large holes on end. Clearly visible Phloem - correct answer-(Phloem Down) Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary water) to plants tissues. Blue Contains: Sieve tube members (element) & Companion cells Sieve Tube Members - correct answer-hollow, living cells with perforated cells Companion Cells - correct answer-living cells that help keep sieve tube member cells alive. Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require transportation done by companion cells into phloem Which 4 cell types is most active metabolically when fully functional? - correct answer-companion cells Epidermis in Trees - correct answer-is replaced by bark or cork. Produced by the cork cambium (tissues that produce other tissues). Cork (dead) = phloem (alive) Cork cambium produces cork. Trees grow wider cause xylem will get clogged The cork is produced when? - correct answer-Secondary phloem Composition of Bark - correct answer-is produced from phloem, cork cambium, or cork. Lenticels - correct answer-cracks in the bark to facilitate gas exchange Secondary Growth - correct answer-How a plant increases in girth (diameter) 1. Vascular Cambium 2. Cork Cambium 3. Wood 4. Bark 5. Lenticels