COLD WAR: SINO-SOVIET RELATIONS

COLD WAR: SINO-SOVIET RELATIONS What year was PRC established? - ANS-1949 When did Mao and Stalin sign the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance? - ANS-1950 Terms of the Treaty of Friendship (Alliance): - ANS-- Military alliance against Japanese aggression and other Capitalist Nations - USSR would come to China's aid if any Capitalist nation attacked it Terms of the Treaty of Friendship (Friendship): - ANS-- USSR guaranteed aid to China - a loan of $300 million - Equipment for 50 major construction projects Terms of the Treaty of Friendship (Mutual Assistance): - ANS-- USSR and PRC agreed to share knowledge and trade - USSR and PRC set up joint stock company to mine in Xinjiang - USSR experts helped establish and run 141 PRC businesses - PRC recognized USSR rights to outer Mongolia - Manchurian Railway to PRC What year was the Korean War? - ANS-1950-53 How did the Korean War strengthen relations? - ANS-- As the war was costly to PRC, appealed to USSR for aid - Stalin provided aid for PRC 5 year - Acknowledged PRC as crucial in world Communism - Consolidated positions/allies. - Lushan Naval Bases to PRC - on USSR border How did Korean War, damage relations? - ANS-- Planned invasion of S. Korea was kept secret from Mao - Mao did not receive help from USSR when 250 000 PRC troops fought NATO (Stalin argued that NATO was not a state and not considered capitalist). Korean War: Victory for PRC? - ANS-- Strengthened relationship with USSR - proved reliable and resourceful ally - A lot more economic aid to china - power plants, funding, ports etc Korean War: Defeat for PRC? - ANS-- Huge damage to economy - needed rebuilding - Not self-reliant - Destroyed any hope of a dialogue with US, brinkmanship employed over issues such as Taiwan Korean War: Affect on US position in SE. Asia? - ANS-- Feared Domino Effect on other poor nations - Any agreement with China shattered - Reduced influence in the region, still treaty with Taiwan and landed troops in Vietnam - U.S did help strengthen the Japanese Defence Force, as a future ally When was the Taiwan-Quemoy Confrontation? - ANS-1954-55 How many times did Mao try to take Taiwan from the Nationalists? - ANS-Twice, both times PRC bombarded the islands of Quemoy and Taiwan, initiating a response from US How did the U.S respond to Taiwan-Quemoy Confrontation? - ANS-- Moved to defend Taiwan - Sep. 1954: Congress advised to threaten nuc. strikes - Dec 1954: US and Taiwan signed a Mutual Defence Treaty What did the Mutual Defence Treaty say? - ANS-It guaranteed Taiwan's independence, and military assistance to insure it What was USSR reaction to Taiwan-Quemoy Confrontation? - ANS-- Agreed publically to support PRC if US bombed China - In private, did not want any involvement as, it could initiate a nuc. war Did Taiwan strain Sino-Soviet relations? - ANS-- USSR not as prepared as before to help PRC with every action it took - USSR did not want to be dragged into nuc. war, defence treaty with PRC and US had defence treaty with Taiwan What year did Stalin die? - ANS-1953 What was the 'honeymoon period'? - ANS-- New premier Krush. agreed to China economic aid - Krush. visited PRC However, what caused tensions after Stalin's death? - ANS-- Growing mistrust from 1954-7 - PRC became ideological rival e.g. GLF, no longer clear whether USSR was world leader of Com. - Taiwan soured relationship, refusal to help - Both leaders disagreed publically on various issues/ not good public relationship In July 1958, what did Krush. propose for nuclear arms in PRC? - ANS-- Joint control over nucs., only could fire with USSR agreement - Mao found this insulting - Krush. still refused to hand over USSR nuc. secrets How did the USSR try to end bombardments of Taiwan? - ANS-- Nuclear secrets - Even a sample bomb What year did Krush. U-turn and proposed Pacific a 'nuc. free zone'? - ANS-January, 1959 What was the Great Leap Forward (GLF)? - ANS-- 5 year economic plan to become self-sufficient from USSR - Militant implementation - Promoted agriculture, industry and technology - Collectivization on a humongous scale, people organized into 'communes' - 600 000 backyard furnaces/ 11 million tonnes of steel annually, all weak and useless - Rejection of USSR economic 5 year plan What went wrong with GLF? - ANS-- Weak, useless steel: buildings collapsed - 1960-1: big famine - 9 million thought to have died in 1960 - 20 million people have been estimated to have died of starvation - Mao popularity decreased, for a bit removed from public life When did Krush. publically criticise GLF? - ANS-1959 How did Mao respond to GLF criticism? - ANS-- Called Krush. a bureaucrat and a traitor to the working class, believed that PRC represent revolution and USSR= bureaucracy - 1964: Mao called Krush. vision 'phoney' Some ways that Mao insulted Krush.? - ANS-- Aug. 1958, Krush. visited PRC: - No guard of honor - Swimming incident/ photographers - SYMBOLISED RELATIONS WERE AT AN ALL TIME LOW!! When was the Sino-Indian Conflict? - ANS-1962 How did USSR react to Sino-Indian Conflict? - ANS-- Gave $800 million to show support, not to lose face internationally - But, Krush. publically criticized Mao's involvement/ wanted settled peaceful When were Sino-Indonesia Conflicts - ANS-1959-62 What was the USSR's response to Sino-Indonesia War? - ANS-- Krush. backed Indonesia - Gave economic/military aid to Indonesia When did PRC test its first nuclear bomb? - ANS-1964 What year was Krush. removed from power? - ANS-