ALU 301 Exam study Guide |Questions with Complete Solutions

ALU 301 Exam study Guide |Questions with Complete Solutions Cells that can recognize altered surface molecules on mutated host cells add "foreign" and move to destroy the cell that carries them are: 1. complements 2. receptors 3. natural killers 4. mediators natural killers All of the following are common examples of autoimmune disease EXCEPT: 1. Hashimoto's thyroiditis 2. systemic lupus erythema toss 3. Grave's thyroid disease 4. poliomyelitis poliomyelitus Which of the following statements regarding serum immunoglobulin levels is/are correct? A. Monoclonal gammopathy is a risk for transformation into multiple myeloma B. Polyclonal gammopathy is frequently associated with chronic infections C. Low serum globulin can indicate a primary immune deficiency A, B. & C are correct A. Monoclonal gammopathy is a risk for transformation into multiple myeloma B. Polyclonal gammopathy is frequently associated with chronic infections C. Low serum globulin can indicate a primary immune deficiency The type of immune cell that differentiates in the bone marrow is: 1. T-lymphocytes 2. Helper T-cells 3. natural killer cells 4. B-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes Which of the following statements regarding T-lymphocytes is/are correct: A. One type is cytotoxic T-cells B. They eliminate infected cells C. They provide immunity by production of antibodies A and B only are correct A. One type is cytotoxic T-cells B. They eliminate infected cells Describe the five cell typed present in the white blood cell count and how are they impacted by various types of infections. neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophil, lymphocyte Describe the difference between immunotherapy and immunosuppression. immunotherapy uses the immune system to focus treatment of a specific pathogen or targeted cell. immunosuppression is caused by corticosteroids and immunopressive medications. Describe common variable immunodeficiency and the ways it affects the immune system. chronic pulmonary infection and low globulin levels. chronic sinus infections, pulmonary infections leading to bronchitis, diarrhea, RA, and gluten sensitive Malabsorption The mainstay of treatment for acute mild to moderate ulcerative colitis is: 1. Proton pump inhibitors 2. 5-aminosalicylate compounds 3. immunomodulators 4. biologic agents 2. 5-aminosalicylate compounds All of the following statements regarding Crohn's disease are correct EXCEPT: 1. It involves inflammation of all layers of the bowel wall 2. It can involve nearby lymph nixes 3. The most common presenting symptom is a fistula 4. Skip lesions are often seen on endoscopy 3. The most common presenting symptom is a fistula Which of the following statements regarding the cancer risk with ulcerative colitis is/are correct? A. The prenalignsnt lesion is usually a polyp B. The duration of disease is a risk factor C. A colectomy is recommended when dysplasia is present B and C only are correct B. The duration of disease is a risk factor C. A colectomy is recommended when dysplasia is present Deep linear ulceration that are separated by normal mucosa seen on imaging are: 1. skip lessons 2. bowel ischemia 3. celiac sprue 4. diverticulitis 1. skip lesions Ulcerative colitis disease severity is determined by: 1. age 2. recurrence 3. Endoscopy 4. laboratory findings 3. endoscopy All of the following statements regarding ulcerative colitis are correct EXCEPT: 1. It involves inflammation of all layers of the colon wall 2. it manifests only in the colon 3. the most common presenting symptom is,a,rectal bleeding 4. physical findings can be nonspecific 1. It involves inflammation of all layers of the colon wall Factors that can contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases include which of the following? A. history of alcoholism B. generic susceptibility C. environmental factors B and C only at correct B. generic susceptibility C. environmental factors Serologic markers used in the diagnosis of Inflammatory bowl disease include: A. Aloha-fetoprotein B perinuclear anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies C. anti-saccharomyces cere visited Antibodies B and C only are correct B perinuclear anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies C. anti-saccharomyces cere visited Antibodies The triad of positive rheumatoid factor, enlarged spleen, and neutropenia is: 1. Caplan's syndrome 2. Felty's syndrome 3. Sjogren's syndrome 4. Still's disease 2. Felty's syndrome All of the following statements regarding laboratory testing on individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are correct EXCEPT: 1. Globulins are often elevated 2. Cholesterol can be low in late-stage disease 3. The inflammatory process can elevate HDL 4. Low albumin is a poor prognostic indicator 3. The inflammatory process can elevate HDL The joints commonly affected by RA include all of the following EXCEPT: 1. elbows 2. knees 3. shoulders 4. hips 4. hips All of the following laboratory tests are commonly used for the diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis EXCEPT: 1. gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) 2. rheumatoid factor (RF) 3. anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) 4. C-reactive protein (CRP) 1. gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) The hallmark of current therapy for rheumatoid arthritis is the use of: 1. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) 2. cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX) 3. disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS) 4. corticosteroids 3. disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS) A round calcified mass of scar tissue seen on a chest x-ray can be associated with a history of: 1. atelectasis 2. pneumothorax 3. histoplasmosis 4. pulmonary embolism 3. histoplasmosis Bacteria can be classified in all of the following ways EXCEPT: 1. number of cells 2. structural characteristics 3. reaction to staining 4. need for oxygen 1. number of cells Kawasaki's disease can cause which of the following? A. coronary aneurysms B. chronic hepatitis C. ulcerative colitis A. Coronary aneurysms Increased mortality from encephalitis is often associated with: A. organ failure B. herniation of the brain C. increased intracranial pressure A. organ failure B. herniation of the brain C. increased intracranial pressure Which of the following statements regarding viruses is/are accurate? A. They can contain DNA, RNA or both B. They use the reproductive capacity of the host to replicate C. They do no have a cellular structure B. They use the reproductive capacity of the host to replicate C. They do not have a cellular structure Membranes surrounding the brain are the: 1. meninges 2. pleura 3. myelin 4. peritoneum 1. meninges What is the definition of nosocomial infection? infections acquired during hospitalization Name 2 nosocomial infections urinary tract, infection of surgical wound, blood stream infection, pneumonia, MRSA, c. difficile The most common significant valvular disease in older individuals is: 1. aortic stenosis 2. mitral stenosis 3 mitral insufficiency 4. aortic insufficiency 1. aortic stenosis All of the following can cause elevations of alkaline phosphatase in the elderly EXCEPT: 1. osteomalacia 2. osteoarthritis 3. fractures 4. Paget's disease 2. osteoarthritis Cancer in the elderly is suggested by which of the following? A. unexplained weight loss B. low total cholesterol C. vitamin B12 deficiency A. unexplained weight loss B. low total cholesterol Describe the three categories of activities of daily living (ADLs, IADLs, AADLs) and their significance in underwriting. ADLs- most basic, cognitively siple tasks - bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring from the bed or chair, eating, urinary and bowel continence IADLs -require higher level of functional ability-telephoning, handling personal finances, using transportation services, shopping, mean prep, housework, taking medications AADLs -higher-level activities that are voluntary and add meaning and richness-working attending church, going out to dinner, the theater, a movie or concert, participating in recreational activities, driving, playing cards What function is not considered an instrumental activity of daily living (IADL)? 1. housework 2. handling personal finances