AANP FNP certification (Questions and answer) Latest Graded A+ - 2023/2024

AANP FNP certification (Questions and answer) Latest Graded A+ - 2023/2024 Basal Cell Carcinoma - --painless, pearly, ulcerated nodule with overlying telangiectasis -found on sun areas Actinic Keratoses - --slightly rough, pink or flesh-colored lesion in sun-exposed area -pharmacological treatment: 5-fluorouracil (topical chemotherapy) -non-pharmacological treatment: chemical peel, cryotherapy, laser resurfacing Tuberculosis - -I. Transmission A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis carried in airborne droplets B. Active Pulmonary or Laryngeal Tuberculosis transmitted 1. Sneeze, cough, speak, or sing II. Symptoms A. Latent Tuberculosis is asymptomatic B. Active Tuberculosis presentation often mimics cancer presentation 1. Non-specific presentation (most common) a. Fatigue b. Weight loss c. Cachexia d. Night Sweats C. Pulmonary Tuberculosis symptoms 1. Productive cough (typically 2-3 weeks) 2. Hemoptysis (uncommon) 3. Pleuritic Chest Pain 4. Dyspnea III. Signs A. Sites of Involvement 1. Primary infection: lung involvement B. Disseminated Disease IV. Management A. Latent Tuberculosis 1. Positive PPD without signs of Active Tb 2. Treatment indicated if risk of Tb Progression from latent to active disease B. Active Tuberculosis Gout - -I. Pathophysiology A. *Gout occurs when Uric Acid levels exceed solubility limits* 1. Monosodium urate crystals deposit in joints, Kidney, and soft tissues 2. Crystal deposition triggers a inflammatory response from cytokines and Neutrophils 3. Joint space is irreversibly injured with ongoing attacks