A history of the Netherlands
18th century: relatie economic and politcal decline, shif of the centre of power politcs to Eng+ Fr.
-Diferences beetween the rich and poor grew.
William III: combeat French expansion, a united France/Spain (Spanish succession war 1702-1713),
preient England from strengthening its colonial power.
1713: Minor power
-40 years of war with France, spain+ beig costly armyexhausted the Repubelic’s fnances+ debets no
money for army+ feet, mostly paid for bey Holland beecame dependent on others.
Foreign policy obejecties: safeguarding maritme trading interests, natonal security in a European
bealance of power (surrounded bey GB, Prussia, France, Austria).
-First powerful coalitons, now shelter of neutrality which they could not protect 1747-51 William
IV. Stll trade damage and annexed land during wars beecause of powerlessness and dependence.
1. 1774: American war of independence.
-Dutch sympathy beecause: also war of independence against Spain, protestant, same form of
goiernment, English setbeack helped and profted from the Rebeels.
2. League of armed neutrality: protect rights of neutral maritme states.
-bey Catherine the great, in practce an alliance against England.
1780-84 Fourth Anglo-Dutch war
Captured nearly all forts and beases economic and shipping stagnaton and decline.
Stagnaton in domestc politcs 1702-80
-Stadholderless era afer William II redistribeuton of power+ return of control bey regents.
-Regent elite distanced itself from goiernmental responsibeilites, only family interest.
-Orangists and ant-Orangists conficts.
1747: William IV
-contnued despair, Regents did nothing, powerful positon William.
-Stadhouder of all proiinces, general of army and feet.
-Disillusioned, high tax, no transparency and infuence, less than regents unrest, also the militas.
doelisten, radicalised and against William IV.
William V: unsure
-helpless in the war with England 1780.
The patriot era and the restoraton of orange 1780-95
Patriots: opponents of William V, ant-Orangists, wanted restoraton of the former Repubelic and to
partcipate in local goiernment, sympathieed with France.
-Dutch enlightenment ideas and as beackdrop, tensions in domestc politcs beecause of war with
England, stadhouders authority under pressure, weak Repubelic, natonal ideas.
Moderate: reconciliaton beetween Christanity and reason, ideals already part of the traditon.
18th century: relatie economic and politcal decline, shif of the centre of power politcs to Eng+ Fr.
-Diferences beetween the rich and poor grew.
William III: combeat French expansion, a united France/Spain (Spanish succession war 1702-1713),
preient England from strengthening its colonial power.
1713: Minor power
-40 years of war with France, spain+ beig costly armyexhausted the Repubelic’s fnances+ debets no
money for army+ feet, mostly paid for bey Holland beecame dependent on others.
Foreign policy obejecties: safeguarding maritme trading interests, natonal security in a European
bealance of power (surrounded bey GB, Prussia, France, Austria).
-First powerful coalitons, now shelter of neutrality which they could not protect 1747-51 William
IV. Stll trade damage and annexed land during wars beecause of powerlessness and dependence.
1. 1774: American war of independence.
-Dutch sympathy beecause: also war of independence against Spain, protestant, same form of
goiernment, English setbeack helped and profted from the Rebeels.
2. League of armed neutrality: protect rights of neutral maritme states.
-bey Catherine the great, in practce an alliance against England.
1780-84 Fourth Anglo-Dutch war
Captured nearly all forts and beases economic and shipping stagnaton and decline.
Stagnaton in domestc politcs 1702-80
-Stadholderless era afer William II redistribeuton of power+ return of control bey regents.
-Regent elite distanced itself from goiernmental responsibeilites, only family interest.
-Orangists and ant-Orangists conficts.
1747: William IV
-contnued despair, Regents did nothing, powerful positon William.
-Stadhouder of all proiinces, general of army and feet.
-Disillusioned, high tax, no transparency and infuence, less than regents unrest, also the militas.
doelisten, radicalised and against William IV.
William V: unsure
-helpless in the war with England 1780.
The patriot era and the restoraton of orange 1780-95
Patriots: opponents of William V, ant-Orangists, wanted restoraton of the former Repubelic and to
partcipate in local goiernment, sympathieed with France.
-Dutch enlightenment ideas and as beackdrop, tensions in domestc politcs beecause of war with
England, stadhouders authority under pressure, weak Repubelic, natonal ideas.
Moderate: reconciliaton beetween Christanity and reason, ideals already part of the traditon.
