AICE Psychology Paper 2 EXAM(Graded A+ actual test)

The extent to which a study is realistic or representative of real life. - Answer-ecological validity the extent to which experimental findings can be generalized to the real world - Answer-mundane realism How well is the experiment done? less confounding variables = higher - Answer-internal validity validity of applying the conclusions of a study outside the context of the study - Answer-external validity can the study be related to a large group of people? - Answer-generalze measure of agreement among observers on how they record and classify a particular event - Answerinter-rater reliability how consistent are the scores of the study or experiment? - Answer-Reliablility measure of the extent that two variables are related - Answer-Correlation when the result is highly unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis - Answer-statistical significance Using DIFFERENT participants in each condition of the experiment, each participant only sees one level of the IV - Answer-Independent measures design The same participants are used in all the conditions in an experiment - Answer-repeated measures design when the participants are matched on a variable (bandura et al participants were matched on aggression levels) - Answer-matched pairs designa hypothesis that states there is no statistical significance between two variables - Answer-null hypothesis statistical test in which the critical area of distribution is one sided (females will score higher on the eyes test than males) - Answer-one-tailed hypothesis both directions of an effect or relationship are considered in the alternative hypothesis of the test (basically gives two options instead of telling us only one) - Answer-two-tailed hypothesis debate on whether human behavior is determined by the environment (nurture) or by a person's genes (nature) - Answer-Nature vs. Nurture need consent, no harm may be done, participant MUST leave in the same state they arrived, psychological state MUST stay in tact - Answer-Ethics for humans measure of the direction and extent of the relationship between two scores - Answer-correlation coefficient mean, median, mode - Answer-measures of central tendency range, interquartile range, variance, standard deviation - Answer-Measures of Variance measure of variance that indicated typical distance between the scores of a distribution and the mean, low standard deviation is good bc it shows that the data is not widespread and it is more reliable - Answer-standard deviation When participants put themselves forwards to take part in the investigation e.g. respond to an advert - Answer-Volunteer sampling -Less time consuming. -Cheap because volunteers are self motivated. - Answer-Volunteer sampling strengthsequal probability of being chosen - Answer-random sampling -represents target population -eliminates sampling bias - Answer-random sampling strengths taking the sample from people who are available at the time the study is being conducted and fit the criteria (andrade et al) - Answer-Opportunity sampling -ease of formation -natural experiments - Answer-Opportunity sampling advantages assignment of subjects or participants to treatment groups in an unpredictable fashion - Answer-random allocation -easier to replicate because a standardized procedure is used -precise control of extraneous and independent variables -allows cause and effect relationship to be established - Answer-Lab experiment strengths -low ecological validity