Ocean 100 Final - SDSU Graded A Q&A Complete

Euphotic zone - Answer-first 200 meters -where photosynthesis can take place -suns radiation can be absorbed Seed Plants - Answer--true plants -not very abundant -grasses, eelgrass and surfgrass -mangroves -like warm, muddy waters -have a root system Protists - Answer-a) large algae(seaweed) -brown algae(kelp), green (sponge weed), red (rhodophyta) b) phytoplankton(small algae) -most producers -diatoms -coccolithophores -dinoflagellates Eukaryotes - Answer-seed plants and protists Prokaryotes - Answer--ancient and very old -blue-green algae, cyanobacteria -first photosynthesizers, phytoplankton (chalk) -red algae is adapted to survive at greater depths (irish moss)regions of high productivity - Answer--polar regions -coasts -coral reefs polar regions - Answer--no thermocline -great amounts of sea life coasts - Answer--upwelling b/c eckman transport(winds moving water) -nutrients coming from land coral reefs - Answer-very productive regions of low productivity - Answer--subtropical gyres -far from coasts -water doesn't move up or down -no upwelling -very high thermocline energy flow - Answer--Producers -Consumers producers - Answer--all photosynthetic -autotrophs-self surviving (produce their own food) consumers - Answer--all animals -heterotrophs -must consume other organisms (can't stay alive if they don't) vertebrates - Answer-fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammalsAdaptations to the Marine Environment - Answer-1. Swimming/buoyancy 2. Avoiding Predators 3. Gas Exchange 4. Adaptations of deep sea fishes Diffusion - Answer-there is a higher concentration of C02 in the water as the fish breathes there is a lower concentration of C02 in the blood Bony fishes - Answer--osteichthyes -most successful group in the oceans Placoderms - Answer--armored jawed fishes -400 mya -some of the oldest fishes Cartilaginous fish - Answer--chondrichthyes -sharks, rays -been around for ~300 million years Sharks - Answer-1) 80% of all species are not dangerous 2) Remarkable senses: lateral line 3) Very successful, well adapted fishes Whale Shark - Answer--largest fish (15meters ~45 feet long) -feeds on plankton and krill Characteristics of ALL Mammals - Answer--mammary glands -hair/fur -live youngMarine Mammals - Answer--streamline body -high metabolism -large (blue whale is largest) 3 orders of Marine Mammals - Answer-1) Cetacea 2) Pinnipedia 3) Sirenia Cetacea - Answer--whales, dolphins, porpoises -intelligent and social -whales largest -porpoises smallest -evolved from hoofed land mammals -2 main groups A)Odontoceti- toothed whales B)Mysticeti- baleen whales