Nutrition 400 Exam 2 Study Guide

Nutrition 400 Exam 2 Study Guide Proteins are composed of - amino acids In the forming of protein, amino acids are linked by what specific type of bond? - peptide The amino acids that must be supplied by the diet are - essential Amino acids that are only essential due to medical conditions or lifespan period are - conditionally essential The amino acids present in the diet in amounts that do not meet human needs are known as - limiting amino acids The term for combining protein sources to supply all the essential amino acids is - protein complementation Characteristics of high-quality protein sources include - complete protein source, easily digested, high bioavailability The basic steps involved in protein synthesis include - cell signaling, translation, transcription The secondary structure of an amino acid is - a three-dimensional structure The quaternary structure of an amino acid is - several polypeptides forming a protein Disruption of the shape and structure of a protein occurs by - development of prions, mutations, denaturing agents Protein entering the stomach leads to digestive secretions triggered by the release of - gastrin The main proteolytic enzymes functioning in the small intestine are released from the - pancreas An allergic response is triggered when ________ is absorbed - large polypeptides Deamination of amino acids produces the toxic substance, ammonia, which is converted to - urea The foods recommended by the MyPlate food guidance system to meet protein needs include - legumes, lean meats, fat-free or low-fat milk A vegetarian who restricts all animal foods except dairy is referred to as - lactovegetarian A vegetarian who omits all animal foods from their diet is referred to as - vegan The mineral deficiencies a vegan is most at risk for include - iron, zinc, calcium Which of the following are nonliving proteins that are responsible for mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? - prions Fatty acids containing 12 or more carbons are classified as - long-chain fatty acids The more water-soluble fatty acids are the - short-chain fatty acids The specific term for fatty acids containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds is - polyunsaturated fatty acids The reason hydrogenated oils are solid at room temperature is that they contain - trans double bonds Recent research indicates that the fatty acids arachidonic acid and DHA may be conditionally essential for - young infants The sources of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids,