Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Practice ATI
Questions)
Parents of a 4-year-old child discovered the child has been chewing and swallowing imported toy
figurines that have tested positive for lead. Which blood test should the care team prioritize?
Red blood cell (RBC) levels
The nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a homeless man during a night when the wind chill
factor is -10°F (-23°C). When assessing the man's fingers and toes for frostbite, the nurse looks for which
type of cellular injury?
Hypoxic
A nurse is teaching a class on health promotion and includes information about the risk from ultraviolet
radiation. Which concepts should be included in this class?
Ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and damages DNA.
The provider removes a cast from a teenager's arm. The client asks why the muscle in the arm is smaller
than it was. The provider explains that this reduction is caused by which of the following?
Disuse
The nurse explains to the hypertensive client that the increased workload required to pump blood
against an elevated arterial pressure results in a progressive increase in left ventricular muscle mass. This
is an example of:
hypertrophy
,A mother rushes her 4-year-old child to the emergency department after she found an empty Tylenol
(acetaminophen) bottle beside her child. The nurse is trying to explain why it is so important to give the
child ipecac to induce vomiting in order to prevent:
liver failure
Mercury is a toxic substance, and the hazards of mercury-associated occupational and accidental
exposures are well known. What is the primary source of mercury poisoning today?
Fish such as tuna and swordfish
Hypertrophy may occur as the result of normal physiologic or abnormal pathologic conditions. The
increase in muscle mass associated with exercise is an example of physiologic hypertrophy. Pathologic
hypertrophy occurs as the result of disease conditions and may be adaptive or compensatory. Examples
of adaptive hypertrophy are the thickening of the urinary bladder from long-continued obstruction of
urinary outflow and the myocardial hypertrophy that results from valvular heart disease or hypertension.
What is compensatory hypertrophy?
When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
The nurse is treating a client who has been immobilized for several months. As a result, he is
experiencing bone thinning and weakening. The nurse is aware of the risk of lung, blood vessel, and
renal tubule calcification due to:
metastatic calcification
A 70-year-old client is being treated for a recent ischemic stroke that has left the client with deficits.
These deficits likely result from which mechanism of cell injury?
hypoxia and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion
,A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for
the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which phenomena most likely accounts for the client's
decrease in muscle function?
Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
A client has developed cell atrophy. The most likely cause would be:
ischemia.
A client is admitted with an alteration in arterial blood gases. Cellular injury is most likely to result from
which aspect of this abnormality?
Hypoxia
Which statement would a nurse tell a client that best describes a lab finding of metaplasia?
"This is a change in cell form as it adapts to increased work demands or threats to survival."
A client is admitted with frostbite. What will the nurse tell the client about the changes that have
occurred due to cold exposure?
Cold increases blood viscosity and thrombosis
Which situations causes atrophy?
Decreased blood flow
Denervation
, Disuse
The provider explains to the client, who smokes, that cells in the trachea are substituted with cells that
are better able to survive. This process is known as:
metaplasia
A nurse prepares an educational event for a group of single parents. The nurse is going to talk about
drugs and the damage they can cause to the body. The nurse would likely include which of these drugs?
Acetaminophen
Immunosuppressant drugs
Alcohol and cigarettes
Antineoplastic drugs
The nurse is reviewing an ultrasound report for a client that reveals endometrial hyperplasia. The client
asks what this finding means. How should the nurse respond?
In response to estrogen levels endometrial cells have increased in number, resulting in a thickening of
the endometrium."
A client's condition has resulted in a decrease in work demands of most cells in the body. Which change
within the cell will likely result from this decrease in work?
Decreased size of organelles
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology technician
wants to minimize personal exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationale for the
technician's precautions about radiation exposure?
Interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis
Questions)
Parents of a 4-year-old child discovered the child has been chewing and swallowing imported toy
figurines that have tested positive for lead. Which blood test should the care team prioritize?
Red blood cell (RBC) levels
The nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a homeless man during a night when the wind chill
factor is -10°F (-23°C). When assessing the man's fingers and toes for frostbite, the nurse looks for which
type of cellular injury?
Hypoxic
A nurse is teaching a class on health promotion and includes information about the risk from ultraviolet
radiation. Which concepts should be included in this class?
Ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and damages DNA.
The provider removes a cast from a teenager's arm. The client asks why the muscle in the arm is smaller
than it was. The provider explains that this reduction is caused by which of the following?
Disuse
The nurse explains to the hypertensive client that the increased workload required to pump blood
against an elevated arterial pressure results in a progressive increase in left ventricular muscle mass. This
is an example of:
hypertrophy
,A mother rushes her 4-year-old child to the emergency department after she found an empty Tylenol
(acetaminophen) bottle beside her child. The nurse is trying to explain why it is so important to give the
child ipecac to induce vomiting in order to prevent:
liver failure
Mercury is a toxic substance, and the hazards of mercury-associated occupational and accidental
exposures are well known. What is the primary source of mercury poisoning today?
Fish such as tuna and swordfish
Hypertrophy may occur as the result of normal physiologic or abnormal pathologic conditions. The
increase in muscle mass associated with exercise is an example of physiologic hypertrophy. Pathologic
hypertrophy occurs as the result of disease conditions and may be adaptive or compensatory. Examples
of adaptive hypertrophy are the thickening of the urinary bladder from long-continued obstruction of
urinary outflow and the myocardial hypertrophy that results from valvular heart disease or hypertension.
What is compensatory hypertrophy?
When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
The nurse is treating a client who has been immobilized for several months. As a result, he is
experiencing bone thinning and weakening. The nurse is aware of the risk of lung, blood vessel, and
renal tubule calcification due to:
metastatic calcification
A 70-year-old client is being treated for a recent ischemic stroke that has left the client with deficits.
These deficits likely result from which mechanism of cell injury?
hypoxia and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion
,A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for
the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which phenomena most likely accounts for the client's
decrease in muscle function?
Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
A client has developed cell atrophy. The most likely cause would be:
ischemia.
A client is admitted with an alteration in arterial blood gases. Cellular injury is most likely to result from
which aspect of this abnormality?
Hypoxia
Which statement would a nurse tell a client that best describes a lab finding of metaplasia?
"This is a change in cell form as it adapts to increased work demands or threats to survival."
A client is admitted with frostbite. What will the nurse tell the client about the changes that have
occurred due to cold exposure?
Cold increases blood viscosity and thrombosis
Which situations causes atrophy?
Decreased blood flow
Denervation
, Disuse
The provider explains to the client, who smokes, that cells in the trachea are substituted with cells that
are better able to survive. This process is known as:
metaplasia
A nurse prepares an educational event for a group of single parents. The nurse is going to talk about
drugs and the damage they can cause to the body. The nurse would likely include which of these drugs?
Acetaminophen
Immunosuppressant drugs
Alcohol and cigarettes
Antineoplastic drugs
The nurse is reviewing an ultrasound report for a client that reveals endometrial hyperplasia. The client
asks what this finding means. How should the nurse respond?
In response to estrogen levels endometrial cells have increased in number, resulting in a thickening of
the endometrium."
A client's condition has resulted in a decrease in work demands of most cells in the body. Which change
within the cell will likely result from this decrease in work?
Decreased size of organelles
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology technician
wants to minimize personal exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationale for the
technician's precautions about radiation exposure?
Interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis
