CBIS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

**2 types of acquired brain injury - Answer-Traumatic and non-traumatic *2 mechanisms of TBI - Answer-traumatic impact (involving impact to the head) and traumatic inertial (non-contact brain injury) *2 sub-categories of impact injury - Answer-open injury (penetrating, skull fracture meninges breach), closed (non-penetrating) *Closed brain injury: can cause 2 things, examples - Answer--can cause brain lacerations/contusions, or intracerebral hemorrhage causing focal injuries, diffuse axonal injury Examples: blast related, assaults, falls, MVA, Sports *Open brain injury - Answer--breach of the skull or the meninges -hematomas, hemorrhage, infections -Examples: gunshot, stabbing, falls, MVAs, sports *traumatic inertial injury: definition, example - Answer-non-impact force resulting in injury common example is rapid acceleration of brain in skull followed by rapid deceleration diffuse axonal injury, white matter lesion, hemmorhage -examples: falls, MVA, Sports *non-traumatic brain injury: definition, examples - Answer-damage via internal forces, such as lack of O2 or nutrients to the brain white matter lesions, hemmorahge examples: stroke, neurotoxic poisoning, hypoxia, infections, tunmors incidence rates of TBI: 3, death, hospital, ED - Answer-death:2% hospital: 11%ED visit: 87% how much of US pop living with BI - Answer-13.5 million 4.5 % of pop *primary vs secondary injury - Answer-primary: initial, mechanical damage secondary: "cascade" pathophysiological processes, delay non-mechanical processes determining effects of brain injury (7) - Answer-injury severity age of injury alcohol misuse DV Service in military participation in sports if had injury previously *mild TBI: definition, may demonstrate (5) - Answer-brief or no loss of consciousness vomiting lethargy dizziness unable to recall what just happened