IAI CSI Certification Test Prep questions and correct answers

IAI CSI Certification Test Prep questions and correct answers What are the two goals of the police in a free society? - ANSWERS 1. Prevention of crime and disorder, preservation of peace. 2. Protection of life, property, and personal liberty. What are the five basic objectives of the police? - ANSWERS 1. Crime prevention. 2. Crime repression. 3. Regulating noncriminal conduct. 4. Provision of services. 5. Protection of personal liberty. What is evidence? - ANSWERS Anything that proves or disproves a fact in contention. What is testimonial evidence? - ANSWERS Evidence obtained from interviews and interrogations, subjective and can be influenced by lies. What is physical evidence? - ANSWERS Specific items found at the scene that can be documented, objective and does not lie. According to Chisum and Rynearson, what is the interpretive value of evidence? - ANSWERS The value of evidence is more dependent on context than its content. What did Chisum and Rynearson say about the full meaning of evidence? - ANSWERS The full meaning of evidence is influenced by time and the items' surroundings. What are the five ways in which the context of evidence can manifest itself? - ANSWERS Predictable effects, Unpredictable effects, Transitory effects, Relational detail, Functional detail What are predictable effects? - ANSWERS Changes that occur with regularity and provide a factual reference to the actual time of the crime What are unpredictable effects? - ANSWERS Changes that occur in an unexpected or random fashion, altering the original scene What are transitory effects? - ANSWERS Effects that are destroyed over time and by the environment What are relational details? - ANSWERS Details that allow investigators to physically place items in the scene What are functional details? - ANSWERS Details related to the operating conditions of evidence What is the evidence linkage triangle? - ANSWERS Scene, Victim, Subject What are the five basic ingredients to good processing methodology? - ANSWERS Knowledge, Skills and tools, Methodical approach, Flexibility, Coordinated approach What are the three basic scene integrity concerns? - ANSWERS Addition of material to the scene, Destruction of material in the scene, Movement of material in the scene What is the difference between class and individual characteristics? - ANSWERS Class characteristics allow items to be compared to a group, while individual characteristics are unique and can be compared to a specific object or person What is Locard's Principle of Exchange? - ANSWERS Every contact leaves a trace What are the four gene subunits and how do they pair? - ANSWERS Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C), Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) When was DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) first reported? - ANSWERS 1868 Who discovered the structure of DNA and when? - ANSWERS Watson and Crick in the 1950s What are the three basic ridge patterns and their approximate percentage of appearance? - ANSWERS Arches (5%), Loops (65%), Whorls (30%) How many different ridge characteristics are used for ridge identification? - ANSWERS At least 15 What is mechanical fit? - ANSWERS Fracture matching, determining where a broken piece came from What is RFLP? - ANSWERS Restrictive Fragment Length Polymorphism, evaluates several loci and relies on large undegraded samples What is PCR? - ANSWERS Polymerase Chain Reaction, allows for copying DNA structure in small samples What is STR? - ANSWERS Short tandem repeat, better statistical discrimination than RFLP and can use small degraded samples What biological material has limited potential to provide a DNA profile? - ANSWERS Urine What is mDNA? - ANSWERS Mitochondrial DNA, inherited from the mother and can be compared to the maternal lin