A-level Psychology (OCR) Exam Questions and Answers

A-level Psychology (OCR) Exam Questions and Answers What is the difference between experimental and non-experimental methods? - Answer ️️ - Experimental methods involve manipulating a variable, while non-experimental methods do not. What is a laboratory experiment? - Answer ️️ -A laboratory experiment is an experiment conducted in highly controlled conditions. What is a field experiment? - Answer ️️ -A field experiment is an experiment conducted outside of a laboratory condition, aiming to observe and understand people in a natural environment. What is a natural/quasi experiment? - Answer ️️ -A natural/quasi experiment is an experiment that attempts to establish a cause and effect relationship, but the groups are not randomly assigned. What are the five area of psychology? - Answer ️️ -Cognitive psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, biological psychology and individual differences What is an example of cognitive psychology? - Answer ️️ -Confirmation bias What is cognitive psychology? - Answer ️️ -the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind What is social psychology? - Answer ️️ -the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another What is developmental psychology? - Answer ️️ -a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span What is biological psychology? - Answer ️️ -the scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes What is individual differences? - Answer ️️ -everyone responds differently to particular training methods Three examples of experimental research methods - Answer ️️ -Laboratory, field & natural / quasi Three examples of non-experimental research methods - Answer ️️ -Self-report, observation & correlation What is a self-report? - Answer ️️ -a method in which people provide subjective information about their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviors, typically via questionnaire or interview What is an observational study? - Answer ️️ -observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses What is correlational research? - Answer ️️ -Research type that compares the statistical relationship between two variables without manipulating the independent variables. Milgram Experiment - Answer ️️ -obedience; electrical shocks to incorrect answers; learners were paid actors. When was Milgram's study? - Answer ️️ -1963 Milgram's Obedience Study statistics - Answer ️️ -Shocking the confederate 65% delivered full range Ethnocentric bias - Answer ️️ -believing that the way one's own culture does things is the right and normal way to do them What was the aim of Milgram's experiment? - Answer ️️ -Aim : to investigate the tendency of destructive obedience How was there an element of deception in Milgram's experiment? - Answer ️️ -it was advertised as an experiment to test the effects of punishment on memory What was the learner in Milgram's experiment? - Answer ️️ -A confederate What is a confederate? - Answer ️️ -Someone who works secretly with a person / organisation How was there ethnocentric bias in Milgram's experiment? - Answer ️️ -all participants were white males . How does Milgram's experiment go against ethics? - Answer ️️ -these men were having panic attacks and seizures Where was Milgram's study? - Answer ️️ -Yale University What were the quantitative results from Milgram's experiment? - Answer ️️ -100% of participants shocked to 300V, 65% shocked to a lethal voltage (450V) What happened when teachers were defiant in Milgram's experiment? - Answer ️️ -the experimenter would say 'Please continue' How was there a lack of generalisability in Milgram's study of obedience? - Answer ️️ -all men of similar ages, all from the NorthEast of America's. Why do people argue thay Milgram's obedience study wasnt even an experiment? - Answer ️️ - No independent variable What happened a year after Milgram's experiment? - Answer ️️ -There was a psychological checkup to make sure there wasn't significant psychological harm to participants How many participants exercised their free-will in Milgram's experiment? (Percentage) - Answer ️️ -35 % of participants exercised their free - will How did Milgram justify his experiment? - Answer ️️ -Milgram justifies this experiment due to the usefulness + participants cons