PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 BLUEPRINT
Side effects of stimulants (esp when given long term and overdose) - ANS-HIGH POTENTIAL
FOR ABUSE (produces euphoria)
-Long term use produces dependence and tolerance
-Abrupt withdrawal from long term use can result in depression and withdrawal symptoms
Side effects of Amphetamines:
-TACHYCARDIA, palpitations, hypertension
-Restlessness, irritability, confusion, euphoria
-Insomnia, blurred vision, DYSRHYTHMIAS, tremors
-Anorexia, DRY MOUTH, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, ED
Overdose: psychosis
Concerns for Amphetamines in children - ANSCan affect growth (check height and weight
regularly)
Interactions of amphetamines (Methylphenidate (Ritalin)) - ANS-CAFFEINE MAY INCREASE
EFFECTS
-Increases effects of oral anticoagulants, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, TCAs, MAOIs
-Decreased effects of antihypertensives
-May alter insulin effects
Neonatal apnea and amphetamines - ANSAnaleptics are administered (caffeine (Cafcit) and
theophylline)
(theophylline = bronchodilator that decreases leukotrienes)
Narcolepsy drug of choice - ANSmodafinil (Provigil)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Notes - ANS-Take the drug 30-45 min before meals
-Avoid caffeine and alcohol
-Monitor for irregular heart beat
-Do not stop abruptly
-Record height and weight in children because drug may affect growth rate
-Don't take in the evening
Theophylline Therapeutic Level - ANS10-20 mcg/mL
,What would indicate to the nurse that the child taking methylphenidate requires more teaching?
A. The child is seen drinking a cola product.
B. The child checks his weight twice a week.
C. The child takes the drug 45 minutes before a meal.
D. The child takes the drug before breakfast and lunch. - ANSA. The child is seen drinking a
cola product.
A child has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which drug does the
nurse anticipate the health care provider will prescribe?
Zolmitriptan
Doxapram
Benzphetamine
Methylphenidate - ANSMethylphenidate
Methylphenidate is most commonly used to treat ADHD. Zolmitriptan is used to treat migraines;
doxapram is used as a respiratory stimulant, and benzphetamine is an anorexiant.
A patient has been ordered a transdermal patch of methylphenidate. The nurse teaches the
family to leave the patch on for how long?
2 hours
9 hours
20 hours
24 hours - ANS9 hours
When providing teaching to a group of parents regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), which information will the nurse include?
A. Children with ADHD have low intelligence.
B. Children with ADHD have an infection in their spinal fluid.
C. EEG results are typically normal in children with ADHD.
D. Learning disabilities are often present in the child who has ADHD. - ANSD. Learning
disabilities are often present in the child who has ADHD.
Barbituates "morning hangover" - ANS-Secobarbital: short acting; less morning "hangover",
does not sustain sleep
-Butabarbital: intermediate; more morning "hangover", helps to sustain sleep
-Phenobarbital: long acting; used for seizures
Dependence, discontinuation, & withdrawal in depressants (alprazolam (Xanax)) -
ANS-Dependence is a side effect
, -Do not stop abruptly due to WITHDRAWAL (rebound anxiety)
-Overdose treated with flumazenil
butabarbital (Butisol)- use and patient teaching - ANS-Use: intermediate acting; more morning
"hangover", sustains sleep
-Patient teaching: Avoid ETOH, opioids, other sedatives; risk for falls
Temazepam (Restoril) use - ANSFor difficulty falling asleep
zolpidem tartrate (Ambien) - use and teaching - ANS-Short term (< 10 days) treatment of
INSOMNIA, otherwise a tolerance is built
-Teaching: food decreases absorption (take on empty stomach) and TAKE WITHIN 30 MIN OF
BEDTIME
What is balanced anesthesia? What is the point? - ANS-Combination of meds to REDUCE
TIME GETTING GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Anesthesia preop assessment - ANS-Age, current health (esp. cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary,
liver), pregnancy, smoking history, alcohol and drug use, meds? → amount of anesthetic
needed may need to be adjusted
-Review meds they are on: any use of NSAIDS
tell them to stop taking these 10-14 days before hand
Post anesthesia care for spinal anesthesia - ANSINSTRUCT TO LAY FLAT 6-8 HOURS AFTER
What is the point of local anesthesia and blocks? - ANSBLOCK PAIN AT SITE WHERE THE
DRUG IS GIVEN - LEADS TO LESS NARCOTICS BEING USED
propofol (Diprivan) - ANS-ANESTHETIC
-SHORT ACTING
-WORKS BY ACTIVATING GABA RECEPTOR
-TITRATED TO LEVEL OF SEDATION
-CONCERN IS RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
What does GABA do? - ANS-Hyper polarizes resting membrane potential
-It makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential
What do you need to monitor for in patients on sedative-hypnotics? - ANSRESPIRATORY
DEPRESSION
What is an important note about phenobarbital? - ANSMANY DRUG INTERACTIONS
WHAT TREATS BENZODIAZEPINE TOXICITY/OVERDOES? - ANSFLUMAZENIL
Side effects of stimulants (esp when given long term and overdose) - ANS-HIGH POTENTIAL
FOR ABUSE (produces euphoria)
-Long term use produces dependence and tolerance
-Abrupt withdrawal from long term use can result in depression and withdrawal symptoms
Side effects of Amphetamines:
-TACHYCARDIA, palpitations, hypertension
-Restlessness, irritability, confusion, euphoria
-Insomnia, blurred vision, DYSRHYTHMIAS, tremors
-Anorexia, DRY MOUTH, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, ED
Overdose: psychosis
Concerns for Amphetamines in children - ANSCan affect growth (check height and weight
regularly)
Interactions of amphetamines (Methylphenidate (Ritalin)) - ANS-CAFFEINE MAY INCREASE
EFFECTS
-Increases effects of oral anticoagulants, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, TCAs, MAOIs
-Decreased effects of antihypertensives
-May alter insulin effects
Neonatal apnea and amphetamines - ANSAnaleptics are administered (caffeine (Cafcit) and
theophylline)
(theophylline = bronchodilator that decreases leukotrienes)
Narcolepsy drug of choice - ANSmodafinil (Provigil)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Notes - ANS-Take the drug 30-45 min before meals
-Avoid caffeine and alcohol
-Monitor for irregular heart beat
-Do not stop abruptly
-Record height and weight in children because drug may affect growth rate
-Don't take in the evening
Theophylline Therapeutic Level - ANS10-20 mcg/mL
,What would indicate to the nurse that the child taking methylphenidate requires more teaching?
A. The child is seen drinking a cola product.
B. The child checks his weight twice a week.
C. The child takes the drug 45 minutes before a meal.
D. The child takes the drug before breakfast and lunch. - ANSA. The child is seen drinking a
cola product.
A child has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which drug does the
nurse anticipate the health care provider will prescribe?
Zolmitriptan
Doxapram
Benzphetamine
Methylphenidate - ANSMethylphenidate
Methylphenidate is most commonly used to treat ADHD. Zolmitriptan is used to treat migraines;
doxapram is used as a respiratory stimulant, and benzphetamine is an anorexiant.
A patient has been ordered a transdermal patch of methylphenidate. The nurse teaches the
family to leave the patch on for how long?
2 hours
9 hours
20 hours
24 hours - ANS9 hours
When providing teaching to a group of parents regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), which information will the nurse include?
A. Children with ADHD have low intelligence.
B. Children with ADHD have an infection in their spinal fluid.
C. EEG results are typically normal in children with ADHD.
D. Learning disabilities are often present in the child who has ADHD. - ANSD. Learning
disabilities are often present in the child who has ADHD.
Barbituates "morning hangover" - ANS-Secobarbital: short acting; less morning "hangover",
does not sustain sleep
-Butabarbital: intermediate; more morning "hangover", helps to sustain sleep
-Phenobarbital: long acting; used for seizures
Dependence, discontinuation, & withdrawal in depressants (alprazolam (Xanax)) -
ANS-Dependence is a side effect
, -Do not stop abruptly due to WITHDRAWAL (rebound anxiety)
-Overdose treated with flumazenil
butabarbital (Butisol)- use and patient teaching - ANS-Use: intermediate acting; more morning
"hangover", sustains sleep
-Patient teaching: Avoid ETOH, opioids, other sedatives; risk for falls
Temazepam (Restoril) use - ANSFor difficulty falling asleep
zolpidem tartrate (Ambien) - use and teaching - ANS-Short term (< 10 days) treatment of
INSOMNIA, otherwise a tolerance is built
-Teaching: food decreases absorption (take on empty stomach) and TAKE WITHIN 30 MIN OF
BEDTIME
What is balanced anesthesia? What is the point? - ANS-Combination of meds to REDUCE
TIME GETTING GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Anesthesia preop assessment - ANS-Age, current health (esp. cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary,
liver), pregnancy, smoking history, alcohol and drug use, meds? → amount of anesthetic
needed may need to be adjusted
-Review meds they are on: any use of NSAIDS
tell them to stop taking these 10-14 days before hand
Post anesthesia care for spinal anesthesia - ANSINSTRUCT TO LAY FLAT 6-8 HOURS AFTER
What is the point of local anesthesia and blocks? - ANSBLOCK PAIN AT SITE WHERE THE
DRUG IS GIVEN - LEADS TO LESS NARCOTICS BEING USED
propofol (Diprivan) - ANS-ANESTHETIC
-SHORT ACTING
-WORKS BY ACTIVATING GABA RECEPTOR
-TITRATED TO LEVEL OF SEDATION
-CONCERN IS RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
What does GABA do? - ANS-Hyper polarizes resting membrane potential
-It makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential
What do you need to monitor for in patients on sedative-hypnotics? - ANSRESPIRATORY
DEPRESSION
What is an important note about phenobarbital? - ANSMANY DRUG INTERACTIONS
WHAT TREATS BENZODIAZEPINE TOXICITY/OVERDOES? - ANSFLUMAZENIL
