NUR 111 - Final Exam - All Modules With 100% Correct Answers| Graded A+

Pre-interactive phase of a nurse-patient relationship Begins before the nurse's first contact w/the patient. The nurse's role is self-exploration and gathering data about the patient. Introductory or orientation phase of a nurse-patient relationship When the nurse & client first meet. The nurse seeks to find out why the client sought help. The tasks during this phase are to establish trust, understanding, acceptance, open communication and formulate a contract with the patient. The working phase of a nurse-patient relationship Where most of the therapeutic work is carried out. The nurse & patient explore stressors and promote the development of insight in the patient by linking perceptions, thoughts, feelings and actions. Termination phase of a nurse-patient relationship The most difficult, a summarizing process, discuss termination and allow time for patient adjustment to independence. Also a time to exchange feelings and memories and to mutually evaluate the patients progress and goal attainment. Communication skills needed by a nurse during the working phase of a nurse-patient relationship Empathetic listening and responding, respect, genuineness, concreteness (holding the patient accountable), reflecting, paraphrasing, clarifying and confronting. Elements of the communication process Communication involves the sender, aka the source encoder. Encoding involves the selection of signs or symbols to transmit the message, such as which language to use or how to arrange the words. The message is the second component and is conveyed via a channel (i.e. talking face to face or writing a message). The third component is the receiver who must listen or observe. The receiver is also the decoder and must perceive what message the sender intended. The fourth component is the response or feedback which allows the sender to correct or reword a message Verbal communication Uses the spoken or written word and includes noticing things such as pace of speech, intonation (tone of voice), simplicity, clarity (saying precisely what is meant) and brevity (using the fewest words possible), timing & relevance, adaptability, credibility and humor. Non-verbal communication Uses other forms such as gestures, facial expression and touch known as body language which is less controlled than verbal behavior because it reinforces or contradicts what is said. Body language requires a systematic assessment of the overall physical appearance, posture, gait (how the patientwalks/moves), facial expressions and gestures. Patients with autism have a hard time decoding non-verbal behavior. Patients w/communication problems rely on non-verbal communication such as sign language or reading lips for deaf/hoh, finger taps, eye blinks or object boards for expressive aphasia. Factors that influence the communication process Development, gender, values & perceptions, personal space, territoriality, roles and relationships, environment, congruence and attitudes. Development - age of the client. Gender - males vs. females communicate in very different ways. Territoriality - patients claiming items in the hospital room as their own. Roles and relationships - nursing student & instructor, client & primary care provider or parent & child. Environment - must be comfortable, temperature extremes or excessive noise can be barri