West Coast EMT Block 2 Exam
Questions and Answers
What is the process for electrical impulses of the heart?
- SA node (the heart's pacemaker)
- Upper atrias contract
- AV node sends impluses to ventricles
- ventricles contract
What are the different layers of blood vessels and what are the functions?
Tunica adventitia (outermost) - prevents collapse of blood vessel and provides
protection
Tunica media (middle)
Tunica intima (innermost)
Where is the temporal pulse?
In front of ear on the temple
Where is the carotid pulse?
side of neck
Where is the radial pulse?
Thumb side of wrist
Where is the brachial pulse?
inside of elbow. Check pulse here for patients under 1 year of age.
where is the apical pulse?
5th intercostal space, use a stethoscope to hear.
where is the femoral pulse?
groin area
where is the popliteal pulse?
behind the knee
,where is the pedal pulse?
top of foot
what is ventilation?
movement of air in and out of the lungs
what is inhalation?
Muscular Part of breathing, diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract. Moving air into
the lungs.
what is exhalation?
A passive process during which the lungs recoil as the respiratory muscles relax and
the thorax decreases in size. Air moves out of lungs.
what is respiration?
The process of transferring energy from glucose which goes on in every cell.
Oxygen/CO2 moving in and out of the cells/lungs
What is negative pressure breathing?
Muscle contractions expand lungs, lowering air pressure inside and allow air to be
pulled into lungs.
what is the uvula?
free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate. Prevents food from
entering the nasal cavity.
What is the epiglottis and what does it do?
It is a flap of skin that is at the base of the tongue.
it opens and closes during breathing, preventing food from entering the airways.
What is the vallecula?
An anatomic space or "pocket" located between the base of the tongue and the
epiglottis. It is an important landmark for endotracheal intubation.
What is the pharynx?
back of throat behind the nose and mouth
What does the upper airway consist of?
Nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Ends at the larynx
what does the lower airway consist of?
, The trachea, the lungs, the bronchus (larger airways), the bronchiles (smaller airway),
and finally the alveoli
what is the jugular notch (sternal notch)?
concave upper border of the manubrium
What is the xiphoid process?
sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum
Parts of spine from top to bottom
C1 (atlas)
C2 (axis)
C3-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
Sacral (1-5 fused)
Cocyx (1-4 fused)
what are the three types of muscles?
skeletal (voluntary), smooth and cardiac (involuntary)
anatomy of lungs
right lung has three lobes and is shorter;left has two and is longer
occipital bone
Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull
parietal bone
either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top
and sides of the cranium
frontal bone
bone that forms the forehead
temporal bone
bone that forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity. There is a
right and left temporal bone.
mandible
lower jaw bone
foramen magnum
Questions and Answers
What is the process for electrical impulses of the heart?
- SA node (the heart's pacemaker)
- Upper atrias contract
- AV node sends impluses to ventricles
- ventricles contract
What are the different layers of blood vessels and what are the functions?
Tunica adventitia (outermost) - prevents collapse of blood vessel and provides
protection
Tunica media (middle)
Tunica intima (innermost)
Where is the temporal pulse?
In front of ear on the temple
Where is the carotid pulse?
side of neck
Where is the radial pulse?
Thumb side of wrist
Where is the brachial pulse?
inside of elbow. Check pulse here for patients under 1 year of age.
where is the apical pulse?
5th intercostal space, use a stethoscope to hear.
where is the femoral pulse?
groin area
where is the popliteal pulse?
behind the knee
,where is the pedal pulse?
top of foot
what is ventilation?
movement of air in and out of the lungs
what is inhalation?
Muscular Part of breathing, diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract. Moving air into
the lungs.
what is exhalation?
A passive process during which the lungs recoil as the respiratory muscles relax and
the thorax decreases in size. Air moves out of lungs.
what is respiration?
The process of transferring energy from glucose which goes on in every cell.
Oxygen/CO2 moving in and out of the cells/lungs
What is negative pressure breathing?
Muscle contractions expand lungs, lowering air pressure inside and allow air to be
pulled into lungs.
what is the uvula?
free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate. Prevents food from
entering the nasal cavity.
What is the epiglottis and what does it do?
It is a flap of skin that is at the base of the tongue.
it opens and closes during breathing, preventing food from entering the airways.
What is the vallecula?
An anatomic space or "pocket" located between the base of the tongue and the
epiglottis. It is an important landmark for endotracheal intubation.
What is the pharynx?
back of throat behind the nose and mouth
What does the upper airway consist of?
Nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Ends at the larynx
what does the lower airway consist of?
, The trachea, the lungs, the bronchus (larger airways), the bronchiles (smaller airway),
and finally the alveoli
what is the jugular notch (sternal notch)?
concave upper border of the manubrium
What is the xiphoid process?
sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum
Parts of spine from top to bottom
C1 (atlas)
C2 (axis)
C3-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
Sacral (1-5 fused)
Cocyx (1-4 fused)
what are the three types of muscles?
skeletal (voluntary), smooth and cardiac (involuntary)
anatomy of lungs
right lung has three lobes and is shorter;left has two and is longer
occipital bone
Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull
parietal bone
either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top
and sides of the cranium
frontal bone
bone that forms the forehead
temporal bone
bone that forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity. There is a
right and left temporal bone.
mandible
lower jaw bone
foramen magnum
