GEOG 1111 FINAL EXAM (with Chap. 8 & 14) All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

permafrost - Answer-forms when soil or rock temperatures remain below 32 degrees for at least 2 years glacier - Answer-large mass of perennial ice resting on land or floating shelflike in sea formed from accumulation and recrystillazation of snow snowline - Answer-where the lowest elevation where snow remains year arounf alpine glacier - Answer-glacier in a mountain range cirque - Answer-scooped-out, amphitheater-shaped basin at the head of an alpine glacier valley; an erosional landform iceberg - Answer-pieces of ice break free to form floating ice masses, icebergs are unstable ice sheets - Answer-are an extensive, continuous mass of ice that may occur on continental shelf ice shelf - Answer-where a continental ice sheet meets the coast and the ice may extend out over the sea ice cap - Answer-roughly circular and covers an area less than 50,000km^2 , completely burying the underlying landscape ice field - Answer-elongated patter over mountainous region and is not large enough to form the dome of an ice cap firn - Answer-Snow of a granular texture that is transitional in the slow transformation from snow to glacial ice; snow that has persisted through a summer season in the zone of al ice - Answer-A hardened form of ice, very dense in comparison to normal snow or firn. ablation - Answer-loss of glacial ice through melting, sublimation, wind removal by deflation or the calving of blocks of ice crevasses - Answer-A vertical crack that develops in a glacier as a result of friction between valley walls, or tension forces of extension on convex slopes, or compression forces on concave slopes. glacier surge - Answer-glaciers advancing rapidly at speeds much faster than normal. Can result from buildup of water pressure under glacier or presence of water-saturated layer of sediment beneath glacier. abrasion - Answer-the mechanical weathering where the rock pieces frozen to the basal layers of the glacier enable ice masses to scour the landscape like sandpaper as it moves Erosional Landforms Created by Alpine Glaciation - Answer-a landscape produced by both glacial plucking and abrasion is a Roche moutonnee, an asymmetrical hill of exposed bedrock col - Answer-formed by 2 headward-eroding cliques that reduce an aerie (ridge crest) to form a high pass or saddle-like arrow depression horn - Answer-A pyramid-like peak formed by glacial action in three or more cirques surrounding a mountain summit. tarn - Answer-a small mountain lake paternoster lake - Answer-One of a series of small, circular, stair-stepped lakes formed in individual rock basins aligned down the course of a glaciated valley; named because they look like a string of rosary beads. fjord - Answer-a drowned glaciated valley, or glacial trough, along a seacoastglacial drift - Answer-the general term for all of the materials carried and deposited by a glacier till - Answer-direct ice deposits that appear unstratified and unsorted; a specific form of glacial drift Lateral moraines - Answer-occur in areas that have undergone alpine glaciations that are lengthy ridges of till along each side of glacier medial moraine - Answer-Debris transported by a glacier that accumulates down the middle of the glacier, resulting from two glaciers merging their lateral moraines; forms a depositional feature following glacial retreat. terminal moraine - Answer-eroded debris that is dropped at the glacier's farthest extent till plain - Answer-depositional landform related to glaciation that is composed of till and is streamlined in the direction of continental ice movement Drumlins - Answer-A depositional landform related to glaciation that is composed of till (unstratified, unsorted) and is streamlined in the direction of continental ice movement—blunt end upstream and tapered end downstream with a rounded summit. stratified drift - Answer-sediments deposited by glacial meltwater that appear sorted; a specific form of glacial drift outwash plains - Answer-area of facial stream deposits of stratified drift with meltwater fed