FL DCF Child Care, Preschool Appropriate Practices (PSPR) Exam Questions With Answer

Developmentally appropriate practice, or DAP, - Answer is a concept developed by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Developmentally Appropriate Practice - Answer focuses on children birth to eight years old and is made up of three principle components: age appropriateness, individual appropriateness and cultural appropriateness. Children between the ages of 3 and 5 need to be exposed to - Answer as many different types of learning experiences as possible to make it easier for them to transition into kindergarten. There are many ways to accomplish this; - Answer reading to children, providing hands-on play opportunities, introducing new words daily, and allowing the children to play and socialize with each other. Caregivers should plan and prepare experiences that are - Answer fun, stimulating, and offer hands-on opportunities for learning that are challenging and achievable. Language development - Answer is one of the most important aspects of a child's learning at this age (3-5 years). It is important to expand a child's vocabulary by introducing as many new words as possible during this stage. There are a variety of ways to help children learn new words, including: - Answer Poems Songs Stories Parental Involvement True or False? Onomatopoeia means words that describe smells. - Answer False Onomatopoeia are words that make sounds like "Pop," "Bang," "Plunk" and "Snap." True or False? Children between the ages of 3 and 5 need to be exposed to as many different types of learning experiences as possible to make it easier for them to transition into kindergarten. - Answer True True or False? To increase a child's vocabulary, parents should be encouraged to read to their child daily. - Answer True True or False? Developmentally Appropriate Practice is made up of three principles: age appropriateness, individual appropriateness, and cultural appropriateness. - Answer True True or False? Language development is one of the key aspects of a child's learning at ages 6 and 7. - Answer False Language development is one of the most important aspects of a child's learning during the ages of 3-5 years. True or False? Children's songs are entertaining but do not serve any educational purpose. - Answer False Music has a general appeal to children of all ages and also features rhyming and repetition of words. Helping children learn the words to age appropriate music is a great way to ensure that they will absorb and retain new words. True or False? Poems, songs, stories, and parental involvement are all good ways of helping language develop for children. - Answer True True or False? Songs like 'Old Macdonald' are important because they introduce children to new animals and the sounds they make. - Answer True True or False? Onomatopoeia means words that describe sounds. - Answer True Onomatopoeia are words that make sounds like "Pop," "Bang," "Plunk" and "Snap." True or False? Poems are a good way to introduce new words to children because they are short and feature rhyming and the repetition of words. - Answer True Jean Piaget - - Answer Four Stages of Cognitive Development Erik Erikson - - Answer Eight Conflicts of Social and Emotional Development According to Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development are: - Answer Sensorimotor - 0-2 years old Preoperational - 2-7 years old Concrete-Operational - 7-11 years old Formal Operations - 11 years old and older The Preoperational Stage - Answer During this stage, young children learn about their world through their actions. This is one reason that hands-on learning is crucial during this stage of development. As a caregiver, you must provide children with as many opportunities for hands-on learning as possible. According to Piaget, the Preoperational stage - Answer is from ages 2-7 and is most relevant to young children. During this stage, young children learn about their world through their actions. Children at this age (2-7) and stage (Preoperational) - Answer -Tend to think illogically, as they will begin to develop logic in the next stage, concrete-operational. -Their thinking process is non-sequential, such as not understanding that a small puddle was once an ice cube. -Are egocentric, meaning that they do not perceive the consequences of their actions upon others. -They are beginning to understand simple concepts, e.g., to classify large and small stack-able plastic bowls or to understand the sequence of their daily schedule. Piaget's theory explains - Answer how children interact with their environment to construct knowledge. What are some ways you can implement developmentally appropriate practice to support the growth of young children during this stage? - Answer Provide open-ended, hands-on activities so children can progress through as they develop transformation Ask open-ended questions that encourage children to explain their thought process. Provide a variety of activities that allow children to experience real life events (field trips, guest speakers, show and tell). Ask children about their own experience. For example: "Tell us about your painting." At story time ask the children about their favorite stories, and ask the children what happens in the stories. Provide children with the opportunity to make choices. For example: "Which learning center would you like to play in today?" Erik Erikson - Answer developed the theory that emotional development occurs through 8 stages in a person's lifetime. He proposes that individuals must go through each of the 8 stages in a sequential order. Each stage presents a conflict that must be resolved before a person can progress to the next stage. Erikson (8 letters in last name, 8 stages/conflicts) - Answer proposes that each conflict is best resolved during a specific stage of life. People who successfully resolve each conflict are better able to lead a healthy, socially and emotionally connected life. Infant (Trust vs. Mistrust) - Answer Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent, comforting environment. When needs are met, trust is established. Trust builds an emotional foundation. A lack of trust can result in poor emotional stability Toddler (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt) - Answer Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves. When autonomy is allowed, a person can become comfortable with his/her choices. A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame or insecurity. Preschool (Initiative vs. Guilt) - Answer Four- or five-year olds begin to develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. Children who are not allowed to pursue their natural curiosity will be prone to feel guilt for their actions. When initiative is encouraged, a person experiments within one's environment. A lack of encouragement for initiative can result in a feeling of guilt for acting on one's natural curiosity. Grade School (Industry vs. Inferiority) - Answer Between the ages of 6 to 12, children show the ability to develop competencies. Children who are inhibited in developing these skills and abilities will experience inferiority. When children experience success, they attain a sense of adequacy and pride. A lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self-worth. High School (Identity vs. Role Confusion) - Answer Between the ages of 12 to 18, children are attempting to define who they are and where they are going. When children are given the opportunity to develop their own ideas and opinions, they can form their own identity. A lack of identity will lead to confusion about who they are. Early Adult (Intimacy vs. Isolation) - Answer Between the ages of 18 to 35, young adults are exploring the development of relationships. Young adults need the opportunity to develop close relationships with family, friends, and partners. A lack of intimate relationships can lead to individuals feeling isolated and alone. Middle Adult (Generativity vs. Stagnation) - Answer Between the ages of 35 to 64, adults are seeking a sense of accomplishment in life through family and career. Adults need to see progress in their careers or success in their contributions to society. A lack of accomplishment often leads to feelings of resentment and regret. Late Adult (Integrity vs. Despair) - Answer After the age of 65, adults seek meaning in their lives. Adults are reflecting on their accomplishments and fulfillment in life. A lack of achievement may lead to despair in the final years. Between the ages of 3-5 years old, children will develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. This interest in exploring must be nurtured in a safe environment, or children may develop a sense of guilt about their actions. - Answer Encouraging a young child's initiative to explore will result in their experimentation within the environment, and will help them feel comfortable about the world around them. When children are not encouraged to explore and experiment in their environment, they can begin to feel guilty about acting on their natural curiosity. This can - Answer become detrimental to their development at later levels and can hinder progress throughout their lifetime until this conflict becomes resolved. As a consequence, the development of problem-solving skills may suffer. What are some ways that you can support children while overcoming the initiative vs. guilt conflict during the ages of 3-5 years old? - Answer Continue to provide a relationship based on trust. Allow and encourage children to explore and experiment in a safe environment. Guide children to initiate activities. Erikson's theory on social development states that children at this age - Answer must be nurtured while they develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. As a caregiver, it is important to know what to look for in the development of young children so that you can - Answer identify if there are any developmental delays that need to be addressed. Eight areas of development are: - Answer Physical Development Approaches to Learning Social and Emotional Development Language and Literacy Mathematical Thinking Scientific Inquiry Social Studies Creative Expression Through the Arts Physical Development - Answer refers to the ways that children's bodies grow and change. It involves growing larger, having an increased appetite, and improving physical ability. There are many ways that children change physically between the ages of 3 and 5 including: - Answer Growing taller and leaner than toddlers. Smaller appetite Weight gain. (3 pounds per year) Height gain. (2½ inches between the ages of 3 - 5) Lower center of balance. (stability of their balance and movement) Improved spatial ability. (completing puzzles, stacking blocks, and balancing objects) Gross motor skills are the skills used to perform physical tasks with the large muscles in the body. Some areas where you will notice improvement in the gross motor skills of young children are: - Answer Walking. Running. Jumping. Climbing. Throwing. Fine motor skills are actions performed by using the fingers in coordination with the eyes. Some fine motor skills you should see developing in young children are: - Answer Coloring. Modeling. Cutting. Stringing. Self-help skills. The child's curiosity and natural ability to develop new skills should be - Answer the teachers' main focus when they are planning learning activities. Learning activities should be - Answer challenging, engaging and also attainable. Social and Emotional Development - Answer During this stage, children will advance from parallel play to associative or collaborative play, which includes interacting and sharing toys and materials with other children. Language development in young children is happening at a rapid pace. It is crucial during this stage that children are exposed to new words and encouraged to elaborate when they speak. - Answer Improvement in understanding of speech. Even though children at this age tend to speak in one to three word sentences, they understand many words. Be sure to speak to children in full sentences and constantly introduce new words. Children at this age often make language mistakes, for example saying, "I goed" instead of "I went" Be sure to encourage correct language usage. Instead of telling a child they are wrong, model the appropriate language back to them. Literacy Skills (Children 3-5 are just beginning to develop their written language skills) - Answer Understand print. Distinguish writing from non-writing. Recognize letters and words. Write letters followed by mock letters. Recognize how words and sentences are organized.