Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)- Exam 3 question n answers graded A+ 2023/2024

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)- Exam 3 question n answers graded A+ 2023 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Hypertrophy (BPH) - correct answer A noncancerous enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate, is one of the most common diseases in aging men. It typically occurs in men older than 40 years. By the time they reach 60 years, 50% of men have it. It affects as many as 90% of men by 85 years of age. It is the second most common cause of surgical intervention in men older than 60 years. Begins with enlargement of glandular tissue due to excessive accumulation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrogen, and local growth hormone action are proposed causes. BPH generally occurs when men have elevated estrogen levels and when prostate tissue becomes more sensitive to estrogen and less responsive to DHT. - correct answer Etiology/Pathophysiology: Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, age (usually occurs in men over 40 years of age), diet (high in animal fat, protein, and refined carbs, and low fiber), and family hx. - correct answer Risk Factors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): 80% - correct answer _____________ percent of men 80 and older have Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). 50 mL, 50 to 100 mL - correct answer Normally residual urine amount is less than _______________ in middle aged adult and less than _______________ in the older adult. - Gradual onset - Early: symptoms minimal - Later: Decreased force of stream, dribbling (overflow incontinence), hesitancy, feeling of incomplete bladder emptying, nocturia, urgency, frequency (with decrease in amt of each voiding), urinary retention, bladder distension, recurrent UTIs. - correct answer Clinical Manifestations of BPH: Rubbery and non-tender - correct answer How should a normal prostate feel on palpation during a DRE? Enlarged but smooth - correct answer How would an enlarged prostate from BPH feel on palpation during a DRE? Large, hard, lumpy, & irregular in shape - correct answer How would a cancerous prostate feel on palpation during a DRE? Azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products) - correct answer Chronic urinary retention and large residual volumes can lead to ________________ and kidney failure. - UTI - Urine retention- Let the doctor know as soon as possible. Catheterization will probably be used but we need an order first. - Urinary Calculi - Hematuria - Increased pressure in bladder can cause wall thickening and formation of diverticula (craters in bladder that can hold urine). - Bladder dysfunction - Kidney damage - Renal failure - correct answer BPH Complications: - Data gathering: Voiding diary to record voiding frequency and urine volume. Diagnostics: - Palpation through digital rectal exam (DRE)- Often reals a large, rubbery, and non-tender prostate gland. - Urine analysis to screen hematuria and UTI. Elevated BUN and creatine can indicate kidney damage. - Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level (generally over 4 ng/dl requires further evaluation) (detects