DAANCE module 5 Questions & Answers Already Graded A+

Hypoxia - Answer-Deficiency of oxygen Can result in cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, neurologic or brain damage, and ultimately death Will occur more rapidly in children secondary to a diminished respiratory reserve Signs of an airway obstruction and treatment - Answer-choking, gagging, suprasternal notch retraction, labored breathing and rapid pulse initially followed by decreased pulse, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest TX: 1. 100% O2 2. Trendelenburg position/pack off the surgical site 3. Digital traction of the tongue with gauze, tongue forceps, hemostat or tongue suture 4. Suction oropharynx If the tongue continues to fall back 5. nasopharyngeal airway in conscious/semiconscous patient 6. oropharyngeal airway for unconscous 7. Consider using LMA or other supraglottic airway 8. Endotracheal tube Cricothyrotomy - Answer-Only used when all other methods have failed. Quickest, easiest way for surgical airway Made between the thin cricothyroid membrane between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx. TX: a. cleanse overlying skin b. locate cricothyroid membrane by palpation c. utilize the emergency cricothyrotomy needle/ cannula or large gauge to enter the trachea beneath the vocal cords through the cricothyroid membraned. attach the tube of the crycothyrotomy device to an oxygen source such as an anesthesia machine or ambu bag and ventilate 100% O2 Tracheostomy - Answer-Surgical airway below the level of the larynx into the trachea. Usually performed in a hospital setting Laryngospasm.. what, prevention and how to fix - Answer-WHAT? Protective relfex of the vocal cords Crowing sounds and labored respiratory efforts Characterized by cessation of crowing sounds, suprasternal retraction and paradoxical chest movement ("rocking" pattern of the chest and abdomen) Prevention: Proper pack placement or throat partition, changing packs and partitions when necessary, adequate suctioning, control of secretions and adequate anesthesia levels. TX: a. 100% O2 b. proper head position/maintain airway c. pack off surgical site d. suction oral cavity and oropharynx with tonsil suction e. postive pressure-100% O2 w/mask f. administer Succs until spontaneous respiration has resumed. Succinylcholine - Answer-Can trigger MH Can lead to bradycardia in peds patients In children, atropine should be administered concomitantly with succinylcholine to prevent bradycardia and life threatening dysrhythmias May cause cessation of breathingBronchospasm. WHAT? TX? - Answer-Contraction of the smooth muscles of the small bronchi and bronchioles. Restriction of air to and from the lungs. More difficult expiration than inspiration. Exhibits labored breathing, expiration difficulty and signs of a diminishing respiratory status. Wheezing and often show labored breathing. Cyanosis or decreased ventilation patterns on the capnograph TX: a. 100% O2 b. albuterol inhalation (Beta-2 antagonist) c. Ipratropium bromide- 2 puffs STAT d. Epinephrine e. Intubation/ventilation f. steroid injection-dec, or solu-cortef g. diphenhydramine h. activate EMS if bronchospasm is not broken Emesis w/ aspiration. What? TX? - Answer-Aspiration occurs when the contents of the stomach enter the lungs secondary to emesis or when a foreign body or fluid inadvertantly enters the lungs from the oral pharyngeal cavity through the larynx. Acidic gastric contents cause severe reaction within the lungs that results in damage to the endolitheal lining of the lungs-rales, dyspnea and tachycardia TX: a. activate EMS b. 100% O2 c. Trendelenburg position d. Tonsil suction e. removal of visible foreign material f. intubation g. transport to hospital Hyperventilation - Answer-Breathing at a faster rate than normalTriggered by a change in the body's natural balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Results in the patient exhaling too much CO2 and becoming light headed and anxious. Early TX: a. terminate procedure/remove foreign bodies from mouth and surgical instruments from view. b. maintain airway c. verbally try to calm the patient d. monitor vitals e. do NOT give O2 f. breath into a paper bag Advanced TX: a. non-sedated pt→ admin IV midaz, diazepam, prop, etc b. monitor vitals c. discontinue rebreathing bag as breathing returns to normal. d. activate EMS if condition deteriorates Angina - Answer-Chest pain that begins in the center of the chest and may radiate to any area above the diaphragm. Primary symptom of coronary artery disease. Caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries. Occurs at rest→ atypical/unstable and its particularly omnious Nitrates - used to treat