Pharm Module 1: Introduction to Basic Clinical Pharmacology Exam Questions And Answers 2024

Pharm Module 1: Introduction to Basic Clinical Pharmacology Exam Questions And Answers 2024 Pharmacokinetics Drug absorption, distribution, binding affinity, metabolism, and excretion What body does to drug Pharmacodynamics Interactions within body tissue What drug does to body Pharmacogenetics Variability in drug response/toxicity due to genetic factors Pharmacogenomics Development and use of medications Three Phases of Drug Actions: 1. Pharmaceutical phase Release of drug from dosage form 2. Pharmacokinetic phase absorption , distribution, metabolism 3. Pharmacodynamic phase Drug produces effect Basic pharmacokinetics processes 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Elimination 1. Absorption Weak acids and weak bases Weak acids tend to ionize (lose a proton, becoming negatively charged) in a basic environment Weak bases tend to ionize (gain a proton, becoming positively charged) in an acidic environment Ionized VS Non-Ionized Ionized: Not as likely to travel across cell membranes to produce action -Carry a charge (positive or negative) -weak acid in a basic media -weak basic in a acidic media Non-ionized: easier to be able to cross membranes and get into bloodstream -Do not carry a charge -weak acid in an acidic media -weak basic in a basic media Water Soluble Vs Lipid Soluble Water-soluble Cannot pass through cell membranes Lipid soluble More readily pass through cell membranes Pass via plasma and cell membrane -Active or passive transport -Depends on the site of the absorbing surface -villi on small intestine (major site of absorption)--> d/t large surface area Best absorbed: -Non-ionized, lipid soluble form and in a place with large surface area 2. Distribution Free or bound to plasma proteins such as albumin Bound portion (to albumin)→inactive until released to the free form -Some of the drugs are free in blood and not bound Highly plasma protein bound drugs