Egan's Chapter 9 - The Respiratory System Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Egan's Chapter 9 - The Respiratory System Questions With 100% Correct Answers. a. Continuous absorption of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system? a. Continuous absorption of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide b. Filtering to prevent allergens and microbes from reaching the lungs c. Transport oxygenated blood to the tissues d. Warm and humidify inspired gas d. Exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue What is meant by "internal respiration"? a. Any gas exchange that occurs inside the body b. Consumption of O2 in the mitochondria c. Continuous absorption of O2 and excretion of carbon dioxide d. Exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue d. Simple diffusion By what mechanism does gas exchange across the lung occur? a. Active transport b. Facilitated diffusion c. Facilitated transport d. Simple diffusion a. It receives blood from right and left ventricles. What is unique regarding the blood supply to the lung? a. It receives blood from right and left ventricles. b. It requires no dedicated blood supply as it exists in a gas environment. c. Pulmonary venous drainage contributes to the normal anatomic shunt. d. The pulmonary arteries are the primary source of O2 for lung structures. c. Protect the vital organs. What is the function of the thorax? a. Facilitate digestion. b. Heat, humidify, and filter gases. c. Protect the vital organs. d. Vocalization. c. Parietal pleura What is the name of the thin serous membrane that covers the inner layer of the thoracic wall? a. Cupula b. Mesothelioma c. Parietal pleura d. Visceral pleura b. Manubrium What is the name of the upper portion of the sternum? a. Angle of Louis b. Manubrium c. Vertebral process d. Xiphoid process b. At the join between the manubrium and sternal body Where does the sternal angle lie? a. At the depression in the body of the sternum to which the clavicles attach b. At the join between the manubrium and sternal body c. At the superior edge of the sternum d. Where the xiphoid process connects to the sternum a. Sternal angle What is the name of the external landmark that identifies the point at which the trachea branches into the right and left main stem bronchi? a. Sternal angle b. Cricoid cartilage c. Suprasternal notch d. Xiphoid process b. 1 through 7 Which of rib pairs connect directly to the sternum? a. 1 through 4 b. 1 through 7 c. 1 through 12 d. 11 through 12 c. Floating ribs What are rib pairs 11 and 12 known as? a. False ribs b. Faux ribs c. Floating ribs d. True ribs b. Costal groove on the bottom of each rib The intercostal arteries, veins, and nerves run through which of the following? a. Costal groove on the top of each rib b. Costal groove on the bottom of each rib c. Fibers of the intercostal musculature d. Surface of the parietal pleura b. 1 and 2 Which of the following muscles are considered primary muscles of ventilation? 1. Diaphragm 2. Intercostals 3. Scalenes 4. Sternomastoid a. 1, 3, and 4 b. 1 and 2 c. 3 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 d. 75 Approximately what percent of the normal changes in thoracic volume during quiet inspiration is due to the action of the diaphragm? a. 15 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75 a. 1 to 2 cm How far is the diaphragm pulled down during tidal breathing? a. 1 to 2 cm b. 3 to 5 cm c. 6 to 8 cm d. 8 to 10 cm a. Compression of the thoracic cavity Compared to a normal diaphragm, contraction of a diaphragm that is low and flat may result in which of the following? a. Compression of the thoracic cavity b. Enhanced venous return and thus cardiac output c. Greater diaphragmatic efficiency d. Larger than normal change in thoracic volume b. Asthma What pulmonary disorder could lead to acute flattening of the diaphragm? a. Adult respiratory distress syndrome b. Asthma c. Atelectasis d. Pneumonia b. Phrenic Which of the following nerves innervates the diaphragm? a. Glossopharyngeal b. Phrenic c. Seventh cranial d. Vagus b. accessory muscle use Limited, short-term spontaneous ventilation is possible in a patient with a paralyzed diaphragm because of_____________________. a. reflex diaphragm activity b. accessory muscle use c. active exhalation d. high intraabdominal pressures a. External intercostals Which accessory muscles are active during resting and active inspiration and pull up on all the ribs expanding the thorax? a. External intercostals b. Internal intercostals c. Scalenes d. Sternocleidomastoids c. Lift upper chest particularly during times of high ventilatory demand. Which of the following is the most important ventilatory function of the scalene muscles? a. Activate if intrathoracic pressure falls to -40 cm H2O. b. Elevate and fix the first seven ribs. c. Lift upper chest particularly during times of high ventilatory demand. d. Support the trachea within the thorax during heavy exercise. a. They elevate the upper chest, increasing chest anteroposterior diameter. As ventilatory muscles, the sternocleidomastoids do which of the following? a. They elevate the upper chest, increasing chest anteroposterior diameter. b. They elevate the ribs and decrease chest anteroposterior diameter. c. They increase lateral chest movement during inspiration. d. They lower the sternum, thus increasing chest anteroposterior diameter. b. Pectoralis When a COPD patient leans forward braced in a tripod position, this lends particular advantage to which accessory muscles of inspiration? a. External intercostals b. Pectoralis c. Scalenes d. Sternocleidomastoids b. Internal intercostals Which accessory muscles of ventilation work to pull the ribs closer together? a. External intercostals b. Internal intercostals c. Scalenes d. Sternocleidomastoids c. 2, 3, and 4 only Which of the muscles below when stimulated will contract and push up on the diaphragm? 1. External intercostals 2. External obliques 3. Internal obliques 4. Rectus abdominous a. 1, 2, and 3 only b. 1 and 4 only c. 2, 3, and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 a. contracting at end-exhalation. The abdominal muscles can actually contribute to inspiration by: a. contracting at end-exhalation. b. contracting at end-inhalation. c. causing a cough. d. increasing end-inspiratory lung volume. d. Mediastinum To what structures do the parietal pleural membranes adhere? a. Fissures b. Intrapulmonary bronchi