IB Sports Exercise and Health Science Exam 2024 Questions With 100% Verified Answers!!
be familiar with the principal structures of the ventilatory system Answer - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
pharynx Answer - contain the tonsils; normal function is to fight infection
larynx Answer - voice box
epiglottis Answer - flexible cartilage that covers the opening of the trachea and automatically closes the opening to the trachea when swallowing
trachea Answer - windpipe
bronchi Answer - two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs
bronchioles Answer - smallest branches of the bronchi
lungs Answer - right side has 3 lobes; left side has 2 lobes
alveoli Answer - tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
functions of conducting airways Answer - low resistance pathway for airflow, defense against chemicals and other harmful substances that are inhaled, warming and moistening the air
pulmonary ventilation (PV) Answer - inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs (breathing)
total lung capacity (TLC) Answer - the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
vital capacity (VC) Answer - the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation tidal volume (TV) Answer - amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under normal breathing conditions
expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Answer - the volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) Answer - additional inspired air over and above tidal volume
residual volume (RV) Answer - volume of air contained in the lungs after maximal exhalation
inspiratory capacity Answer - TV + IRV
expiratory capacity Answer - TV + ERV
explain the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise Answer - increase in carbon dioxide increases the blood acidity levels
be familiar with the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transportation Answer - hemoglobin carries oxygen around the body as oxyhemoglobin in red blood cells
diffusion Answer - gas will move from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure
ventricles Answer - lower chambers of the heart
left ventricle Answer - pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta
right ventricle Answer - pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery
atrium Answer - upper chambers of the heart
right atrium Answer - receives blood from the body via the superior/inferior vena cava
left atrium Answer - receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
bicuspid valve Answer - between left atrium and left ventricle
tricuspid valve Answer - valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
aortic valve Answer - between left ventricle and aorta
pulmonary valve Answer - between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
superior/inferior vena cava Answer - carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium
pulmonary vein Answer - carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart pulmonary artery Answer - carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
erythrocytes Answer - red blood cells
leukocytes Answer - white blood cells
thrombocytes Answer - platelets
plasma Answer - liquid portion of blood
red blood cell function Answer - carries oxygen and iron throughout the body
white blood cells function Answer - fight infection
platelets Answer - blood clotting
aorta Answer - large artery that takes blood from heart to the body
arteries Answer - blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
veins Answer - blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
pulmonary circuit Answer - heart to lungs to heart
systemic circuit Answer - heart to body to heart
sinoatrial node (SA node) Answer - pacemaker of the heart
extrinsic regulation of the heart Answer - autonomic nervous system- sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic Answer - fight or flight
parasympathetic Answer - rest and digest
heart rate Answer - number of beats per minute
cardiac output Answer - the amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
stroke volume Answer - the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in each contraction
cardiovascular drift Answer - slow but constant increase in heart rate during prolonged activity (ex: increase of body temperature)
blood pressure Answer - the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
systolic Answer - blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles
be familiar with the principal structures of the ventilatory system Answer - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
pharynx Answer - contain the tonsils; normal function is to fight infection
larynx Answer - voice box
epiglottis Answer - flexible cartilage that covers the opening of the trachea and automatically closes the opening to the trachea when swallowing
trachea Answer - windpipe
bronchi Answer - two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs
bronchioles Answer - smallest branches of the bronchi
lungs Answer - right side has 3 lobes; left side has 2 lobes
alveoli Answer - tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
functions of conducting airways Answer - low resistance pathway for airflow, defense against chemicals and other harmful substances that are inhaled, warming and moistening the air
pulmonary ventilation (PV) Answer - inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs (breathing)
total lung capacity (TLC) Answer - the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
vital capacity (VC) Answer - the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation tidal volume (TV) Answer - amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under normal breathing conditions
expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Answer - the volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) Answer - additional inspired air over and above tidal volume
residual volume (RV) Answer - volume of air contained in the lungs after maximal exhalation
inspiratory capacity Answer - TV + IRV
expiratory capacity Answer - TV + ERV
explain the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise Answer - increase in carbon dioxide increases the blood acidity levels
be familiar with the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transportation Answer - hemoglobin carries oxygen around the body as oxyhemoglobin in red blood cells
diffusion Answer - gas will move from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure
ventricles Answer - lower chambers of the heart
left ventricle Answer - pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta
right ventricle Answer - pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery
atrium Answer - upper chambers of the heart
right atrium Answer - receives blood from the body via the superior/inferior vena cava
left atrium Answer - receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
bicuspid valve Answer - between left atrium and left ventricle
tricuspid valve Answer - valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
aortic valve Answer - between left ventricle and aorta
pulmonary valve Answer - between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
superior/inferior vena cava Answer - carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium
pulmonary vein Answer - carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart pulmonary artery Answer - carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
erythrocytes Answer - red blood cells
leukocytes Answer - white blood cells
thrombocytes Answer - platelets
plasma Answer - liquid portion of blood
red blood cell function Answer - carries oxygen and iron throughout the body
white blood cells function Answer - fight infection
platelets Answer - blood clotting
aorta Answer - large artery that takes blood from heart to the body
arteries Answer - blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
veins Answer - blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
pulmonary circuit Answer - heart to lungs to heart
systemic circuit Answer - heart to body to heart
sinoatrial node (SA node) Answer - pacemaker of the heart
extrinsic regulation of the heart Answer - autonomic nervous system- sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic Answer - fight or flight
parasympathetic Answer - rest and digest
heart rate Answer - number of beats per minute
cardiac output Answer - the amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
stroke volume Answer - the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in each contraction
cardiovascular drift Answer - slow but constant increase in heart rate during prolonged activity (ex: increase of body temperature)
blood pressure Answer - the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
systolic Answer - blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles
