Women's Health: Gynecology Summary Questions with Answers

Menstruation: where is GnRh produced and secreted? Function? - ***-Produced by the hypothalamus - secreted in a pulsatile manner -Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete FSH/LH which act on two types of cells within the ovaries: theca cells, granulosa cells Menstruation: where is LH produced? function? - ***-Produced by the anterior pituitary -Stimulate theca cells of the ovaries to produce progesterone & androstenedione Menstruation: where is FSH produced? function? - ***-Produced by the anterior pituitary -Each follicle contains an immature oocyte (one egg), which is surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells -Granulosa cells contain FSH receptors - FSH binds to FSH receptor and stimulates follicle and egg maturation -Granulosa cells also convert androstenedione to 17-beta-estradiol Menstruation: where is Estrogen produced? function? - ***-Produced by the granulosa cells of the ovaries -*Main hormone that works during the follicular phase to stimulate the proliferation of the endometrial lining Menstruation: where is Progesterone produced? - ***-Produced by the theca cells of the ovaries -Responsible for uterine ripening to allow proper implantation of a fertilized ovum 3 phases of the Ovarian cycle? - ***-Follicular phase -Ovulation -Luteal phase The Reproductive cycle: Follicular phase? - ***-Days 1-14: follicular (proliferative) phase & maturation of dominant follicles (ESTROGEN dominates) -Pulsatile GnRH --> ↑ LH/FSH --> stimulates ovaries •↑ FSH stimulates follicle and egg maturation •↑ LH stimulates the follicle to produce estrogen -FSH: pre-granulosa cells --> granulosa cells --> secrete estradiol -The follicle w/ the greatest number of granulosa cells (& therefore the greatest number of FSH receptors) is producing the most estradiol --> dominant follicle -In the uterus: estrogen thickens the endometrium (proliferation) -Rise in estrogen production causes negative feedback on the hypothalamus - inhibits GnRH *•GnRH inhibition = no new follicles form The Reproductive cycle: Ovulation? - ***-**The increased estrogen being released from the mature follicle switches from negative to positive feedback on GnRH *GnRH = ↑ FSH/LH = ↑ estrogen -Sudden LH surge --> ovulation •dominant follicle ruptures to release egg (ovulation) -Ruptured follicle --> corpus luteum When is the highest chance of fertilization in the reproductive cycle? - ***during ovulation: between days 11-15 The Reproductive cycle: Luteal Phase? - ***-Days 14-28: PROGESTERONE predominates -Corpus luteum secretes progesterone & estrogen to maintain the endometrial lining, then switches back to negative feedback -Ovum travels through fallopian tube to the uterus •if fertilized: hCG made to maintain the CL, CL maintains the endometrial lining until placenta forms in 7wks •if not fertilized: no hCG --> CL maintenance of progesterone declines--> CL involutes (corpus albicans) -- > cycle starts over Which hormones dominate in each phase of the reproductive cycle? - ***-Follicular phase (day 1-14) = first FSH then a lot of estrogen -Ovulation (days 11-15) = mainly LH and a little FSH -Luteal phase (days 14-28) = progesteron