APCO 1P01 Final Exam Questions and Answers with complete solution

digital data - Answer-discreet data (on/off) two discernible states (b) - Answer-binary bit (B) - Answer-byte Exabyte (2^60) - Answer-Biggest byte Analog data - Answer-continuous data (spectrum) with infinite states; needs to be digitized to be understood; a bit is a digital representation of data Numeric Data - Answer-Numbers that represent quantities and can be used in arithmetic operations. Character data - Answer-Letters, symbols, or numerals that will not be used in arithmetic operations (name, Social Security number, etc.). ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - Answer-7 bits for each character Extended ASCII - Answer-8 bits (allows for 256 characters Unicode - Answer-16 bits for 65000 characters UTF-8 - Answer-will use ASCII (7) or Unicode 16 as necessary Lossless Compression - Answer-a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data. Lossy compression - Answer-not exactly the same (some lost data)Digital Audio Basics - Answer-sound waves are sampled many times by analog to digital Digital to Analog - Answer-transfers bits to sound waves high fidelity - Answer-is sampled at 44.1 kHz MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) - Answer-more compact though no vocals and needs good speakers; the standard way to store music files Phonemes - Answer-basic sound unit Bitmap - Answer-tiny rectangular cells; picture element (pixel) BMP (bitmaps) - Answer-Native file format for Windows OS, MS paint;not supported by most browers b/c file is too big; graphical elements RAW (professional photography) - Answer-36 bits (red, green, blue) Uncompressed ( huge amount of info) - Answer-can transform into other formats to bee able to share TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - Answer-for desktop publishing; is platform independent (any OS); NO BROWERS; supports true colours JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - Answer-the most popular image file format; can lose quality when compressed; built in compression used on smartphones What kind of compression is used for TIFF, GIF, PHG - Answer-loseless compression